만주어의 시상 체계— 언어 유형론적 관점을 바탕으로 —

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to reveal that Manchu is an aspect prominent language by examining the use of gram related to tense and aspect of Manchu from a linguistic typological perspective. This study focused on two grams: –HA and –mbihe. This is because –HA and –mbihe are grams that can distinguish between tense prominent language and aspect prominent language in linguistic typology. First of all, it is revealed that –HA mainly describes situations that exist in the past, but can also express present or future situations. From a linguistic typological perspective, the phenomenon that a gram that mainly represents a past situation can express a present situation or a future situation is a characteristic of a perfective gram. Therefore, –HA can be considered a perfective gram. Next, we show that –mbihe can be used as both a non-fianl gram and a final gram. The gram –mbihe, which shows the use of past imperfective, allows Manchu to be considered an aspect prominent language. This is because languages in which past imperfective exists in linguistic typology are classified as aspect prominent languages. The Manchu tense and aspect system presented in this study can be summarized as follows. In the case of a non-final gram, –rA is a non-past imperfective gram, –mbihe is a past imperfective gram, and –HA is a perfective gram. In the case of final gram, –mbi is non-past imperfective gram, –mbihe is past imperfective gram, and –HA is perfective gram. Among final grams, there are two grams that represent perfect. –HAbi is a gram that represents present perfect, and –HA bihe is a gram that represents past perfect.