The Landscape Garden Culture of the Hanyang Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok (京華士族) of Late Chosŏn, as Exemplified by Kim Cho-sun (金組淳)
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The political, economical, and social importance of the Capital Hanyang pervaded the late Chosŏn Dynasty. Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok(京華士族), government officials and intellectuals who lived in Hanyang and suburbs, freely exchanged knowledge regardless of political factions and had tendency to pursue practical and rational cause. Under the influence of China, various literary tastes and collecting culture, which were related to the taste of the Chinese scholars,were in vogue. Garden culture, prevalent among the Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok, also parallels that of the Chinese scholars, for it represented the desire to be secluded while remaining to be power elites. However, instead of making artificial gardens, Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok borrowed natural landscape into the garden and appreciated it. And the surrounding landscape of Hanyang, where beautiful landscape harmonized with cityscape, enabled it. At their residences located at the foot of mountains adjacent to the royal palace, they had chance to appreciate various features of landscape and made a rigorous and simple living space based on the Confucian order. The life of Kim Cho-sun, a representative man of power in the late Chosŏn Dynasty as well as a member of Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok, reveals this characteristic. He was magnanimous and liberal man to make a friendship regardless of age and political factions. Every part of his residence Okhojŏng reflects Confucian dignity and reveals Taoist seclusion culture.
Abstract
The political, economical, and social importance of the Capital Hanyang pervaded the late Chosŏn Dynasty. Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok(京華士族), government officials and intellectuals who lived in Hanyang and suburbs, freely exchanged knowledge regardless of political factions and had tendency to pursue practical and rational cause. Under the influence of China, various literary tastes and collecting culture, which were related to the taste of the Chinese scholars,were in vogue. Garden culture, prevalent among the Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok, also parallels that of the Chinese scholars, for it represented the desire to be secluded while remaining to be power elites. However, instead of making artificial gardens, Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok borrowed natural landscape into the garden and appreciated it. And the surrounding landscape of Hanyang, where beautiful landscape harmonized with cityscape, enabled it. At their residences located at the foot of mountains adjacent to the royal palace, they had chance to appreciate various features of landscape and made a rigorous and simple living space based on the Confucian order. The life of Kim Cho-sun, a representative man of power in the late Chosŏn Dynasty as well as a member of Kyŏng Hwa Sa Jok, reveals this characteristic. He was magnanimous and liberal man to make a friendship regardless of age and political factions. Every part of his residence Okhojŏng reflects Confucian dignity and reveals Taoist seclusion culture.
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