문헌 자료를 통해 본 조선의 원예 문화

Abstract

Floriculture had been loved as the material of literature for a long time. Intellectuals of Joseon had made many poetry and paintings about apricot, chrysanthemum, orchid, pine, bamboo and so on. Sometimes, they wrote professional floriculture books or flower garden accounts. Especially from the late 18th Century to the early 19th Century, many literary persons enjoyed gardening as a hobby, so floriculture had been almost in vogue. This article examined professional floriculture books which were read among people and records about Jangweonseo (掌苑署) that managed the gardens and forests of royal family to understand how the court's recognition on flower and the floriculture knowledge of people had changed. Followings are the summary of contents discussed in this article. From the historical material about Jangweonseo, it was found that Joseon's court early had operated greenhouses and knew how to control the bloom time but the court took floriculture as something to avoid because loving flower too much could make rulers pay little attention to their own tasks and make people painful and making flower bloom early went against the harmony of nature. Civil floriculture books stretched their contents from thirteen kinds of flowers from 『Chwalyosinseo』 (撮要新書) to the species of 『Wiwonhwaweonji』 (韋庵花園志), amounting to 160 or more species. Those species were called just 'hwahwe', not divided into plants and trees, or bloomimg or non-blooming. The floriculture of Joseon originally was subject to realizing the harmony of nature and returning to human virtue, so bizarre stones and flowerpot arrangement were also the part of floriculture. However, in the late Joseon, such understanding had thinned and artificial culturing techniques, which could change the blooming time and flowers' color intentionally, had developed by personal tastes and industrial needs.