국제인도법의 국내적 이행 - 2013년부터 2017년까지의 각국 이행법률 입법 동향을 중심으로 -
Domestic Implementation of International Humanitarian Law -Focusing on the Legislative Trends of Implementing Laws from 2013 to 2017-
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전시에 약자를 보호하고 전쟁의 수단과 방법에 대한 제약을 가함을 통해최소한의 인도적 고려를 담보하고자 하는 국제인도법은 1949년 제네바협약을전세계 모든 국가들이 비준한 것에서 볼 수 있듯이 국제공동체의 광범위한 지지를 받고 있는 국제법 분야이다. 전쟁이라는 비상상황에 적용되는 국제인도법의 준수를 위해서는 평시에 필요한 법적, 제도적 플랫폼을 구비해 놓는 것이 중요하다. 즉 국제인도법의 효율적 이행은 사전에 국제인도법 존중을 위한환경을 구축해 놓는 것을 전제로 하며, 이러한 환경은 국가들이 자국 내에 존재하는 여러 공식적⋅비공식적 제도, 체계 및 기구에 대한 정비를 통해 마련될 수 있다. 이러한 국제인도법의 이행을 위한 구체적 조치들의 시행은 각종국제인도법 조약들을 비준하고 관련 국내법을 제정, 정비하는 것으로부터 시작된다. 즉 조약에의 참여와 이행법률의 입법 두 가지는 국제인도법의 국내적이행을 위한 토대가 되는데, 이 논문은 2013년-2017년까지 국가들이 이 두 가지 중 특히 이행법률의 입법을 어떻게 실행하였는지를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다.
Abstract
The international humanitarian law, which aims to ensure minimal humanitarian consideration by protecting the vulnerable in times of conflict and imposing constraints on the means and methods of warfare, is an area of international law widely supported by the international community, as evidenced by the universal ratification of the Geneva Conventions in 1949. To ensure compliance with international humanitarian law in situations of armed conflict, it is important to establish legal and institutional frameworks during peacetime. In other words, the effective implementation of international humanitarian law presupposes the creation of an environment conducive to respecting it, which can be achieved through the maintenance of various formal and informal institutions, systems, and mechanisms within each country. The concrete measures for implementing international humanitarian law start with ratifying various treaties and enacting relevant domestic laws. Thus, both participation in treaties and the enactment of implementing legislation serve as the foundation for domestic compliance with international humanitarian law. This paper aims to examine how countries have implemented particularly the enactment of implementing legislation from 2013 to 2017 as part of their domestic compliance with international humanitarian law.
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