이라크 시아파 종교계의 정치적 영향력, 한계, 시민사회와의 관계: 시스타니의 역할을 중심으로
Political Influence, Limits and Relations with Civil Society of Iraqi Shi’a Religious Establishment: Focusing on the Role of Sistani
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This study examines whether the Shi’a traditional religious establishment in Iraq can function as an actor within civil society that represents and shapes public opinion, connects citizens with the government, and holds the government accountable. To this end, the study focuses on Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the most politically influential figure among Iraq’s Shi’a clergy, to analyze the political influence and limitations of the religious establishment, as well as its relationship with civil society movements advocating for political reform. The study argues that Iraq’s Shi’a religious establishment is not entirely disconnected from civil society movements, as it also engages in activities aimed at promoting and protecting citizens’ rights and pursuing political change. Based on this analysis, the study suggests that future research on Middle Eastern politics and civil society should consider institutionalized religious establishments as significant actors, alongside governments, secular civil organizations, and Islamist movements.
Abstract
This study examines whether the Shi’a traditional religious establishment in Iraq can function as an actor within civil society that represents and shapes public opinion, connects citizens with the government, and holds the government accountable. To this end, the study focuses on Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the most politically influential figure among Iraq’s Shi’a clergy, to analyze the political influence and limitations of the religious establishment, as well as its relationship with civil society movements advocating for political reform. The study argues that Iraq’s Shi’a religious establishment is not entirely disconnected from civil society movements, as it also engages in activities aimed at promoting and protecting citizens’ rights and pursuing political change. Based on this analysis, the study suggests that future research on Middle Eastern politics and civil society should consider institutionalized religious establishments as significant actors, alongside governments, secular civil organizations, and Islamist movements.