아시아에서의 ‘좋은 민주주의’의 모색: 개념과 평가
The Search for ‘Good Democracy’ in Asia: Concept and Evaluation
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1970년대 이후 민주주의의 외형적인 확산에도 불구하고 민주주의의 빈곤과 위기도 도처에서 목격된다. 대부분의 신생민주주의들은 민주주의의 외피만 둘렀을 뿐 제대로 된 민주주의로 기능하지 못하고 있고, 기성의 민주주의에서도 복지의 후퇴와 불평등의 심화로 격렬한 항의와 시위가 일어나고 정부와 민주주의에 대한 불만이 누적되고 있다. 요컨대 민주주의는 경쟁을 통해 구성된 책임 있는 정부가 풍요와 복지, 소통과 신뢰를 가져올 것으로 기대되는 최선의 제도이지만 민주주의의 현실은 그런 기대를 충족시키지 못하고 있다. 신생민주주의와 기성민주주의에서의 시련은 진로를 모색 중인 배아(胚芽)민주주의에도 혼돈을 야기하고 있다. 도대체 어떤 민주주의를 지향해야 할까? 이 연구는 “좋은 민주주의”를 개념화하고 그에 조응하는 민주주의의 새로운 평가지표를 개발함으로써 현존하는 민주주의의 여러 모델들을 새롭게 평가하고 분석하여 어떤 민주주의가 더 좋은 민주주의인가를 찾으려고 한다. 좋은 민주주의 연구는 민주주의가 진정 제공하여야 하는 가치인 “절차”, “효능”, “성과”와 “통합”에 주목하였다. 우리는 좋은 민주주의의 개념을 기준으로 현대 민주주의의 주요 형태들을 평가하고 새롭게 분류하고자 한다. 민주주의의 외형적인 제도의 연구에만 몰두할 것이 아니라 민주주의가 진정 제공하여야 하는 절차, 효능, 성과와 통합을 증진하는 좋은 민주주의로의 진화방안을 모색하고자 한다.
Abstract
The discussions about the quality of democracy are recently underway for both the new and established democracies. After about 40 years of democratization what we have witnessed is not the consolidation of new democracies but the instability,stagnation,setback, and crisis. The quality of democracy controversy has not exclude the established democracies in Western Europe and North America where the decline of welfare retrenchment, widening of inequalities, violent protests and demonstrations are taking place. We try to conceptualize good democracy and to develop new evaluation index, which corresponds to it. We try to evaluate main types of modern democracy and reclassify them based on our concept of “good democracy.” We will not only focus on the formal and institutional appearance of democracy, but also search the possible and desirable paths of evolution towards the good democracy that devote to the promotion of the intrinsic values of democracy: democratic procedures, effectiveness, performance and integration. We hope that this research to be important contribution in trying to find out the model of “good democracy” in Asia as well as in the world.
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