근대 연행록에 나타난 만주 의식

Abstract

Around 1842, when the Opium War broke out, China began to dismantle its medieval social system by resisting imperial aggression. Although the diplomatic officials of the Josun Dynasty did not have a modern perspective, they began to record the changing appearance of China. Nurhaci, which integrated the Jurchen(女眞族), changed its tribal name to Manchu, and Manchuria became a regional name. Although the imperial family that ruled China was Manchurian, many of the diplomatic officers still regarded the Manchurians as uncivilized. When meeting Chinese people, it is necessary to check whether they are Han Chinese or Manchurian because they have different attitudes accordingly. Shin Seok-woo, who went to Beijing in 1860 after the Opium War, interpreted that the reason why Koreans and Han Chinese were not allowed to enter Mount Changbai and Ningguta(寧古塔) was not only to protect their cradle but also to rely on this ancient land to fight in all directions if Manchurians were driven out of the central position. Officer Shin warned that if the Manchurians were chased to the birthplace of Mount Changbai, Josun across the Yalu River would also be in danger. He recognized that foreign powers could invade Josun at any time if the buffer zone of the forbidden region was removed. In 1849, Lee Yu-jun's Mongyu Yeonhangrok recorded a phenomenon in which bright young people were selected every year and sent to Ningguta, the birthplace of the Manchurian people, to learn the Manchurian language. When the Qing Dynasty was weakened after the Opium War, the phenomenon that the Manchurians did not learn Manchurian became more prominent. The authors of Yeonhangrok recognized that the Manchurian people, centered on the imperial family of the Qing Dynasty, were declining by recording the fact that the number of Manchurian speakers was decreasing. However, these perceptions have only appeared sporadically, and the failure to warn of the impactful changes in the international situation in Northeast Asia is a limitation.