연행록에 나타난 조선 후기 만주족에 대한 인식

Abstract

This article reviews the perception of the Manchus by intellectuals in the late Joseon Dynasty through materials related to them in Yeonhaengrok. In order to focus on the direct and experiential perception of the Manchus by the Joseon Dynasty in particular, a case of Shin Chung-il, who directly witnessed the Jurchens, their ancestors, was examined first, and then the perception of the Manchus in the late Joseon Dynasty was examined in earnest through the data from Yeonhaengrok. According to an observation report written by Shin Chung-il, called Geonjukijeongdogi, he witnessed a mixture of various races and cultures under Nurhachi’s control and also confirmed the identity of the Jurchens, including the banner system, pigtail, and formal attire. The basis for the establishment of the Qing Dynasty was already being laid before the proclamation of the founding of the dynasty, but the Joseon Dynasty was not aware of the danger for this despite his report. It was through a diplomatic trip to the capital city of the Qing Dynasty, called Yeonhaeng, by delegates of the Joseon Dynasty that the latter appreciated the substance of the former after its establishment by the Manchus. The perception of the existing historical experience started to contribute to the appreciation of the objective substance of the Manchus as the trip experiences accumulated. Change in perception of the Manchus led the Joseon Dynasty to make a friendship with them which had never been attempted before. However, starting to perceive the substance did not always mean looking at the Manchus in an objective manner. No Sino-barbarian(華夷) theory can be said to have deviated from sinocentrism except for Hong Dae-yong’s dismantling of the theory. The Joseon Dynasty appreciated the substance of the Manchus, made a friendship, and achieved a change in perception and intensification of thought through Yeonhaeng, but there was a limitation in that it couldn’t deviate from the perspective of Sino-barbarian theory.