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大學, 리더십을 말하다

What The Great Learning Says to Leadership Theories

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주제분류행정학

초록

오늘날 리더십에 대한 관심이 매우 크다. 공공분야도 예외가 아니다. 그래서 수없이 많은 이론과 연구들이 쏟아지고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 오늘날의 「리더십론」들에 대해서 동양의 고전인 대학이 다음과 같이 네 가지 중요한 차이점과 함의를 가지고 있음을 밝히고자 하였다. 첫째, 변혁적 리더십, 전략적 리더십, 가치기반 리더십 등 ‘목표’, ‘비전’, ‘미션’ 등의 가치와 중요성을 내세우는 「리더십론」은 많으나, 그것의 구체적인 내용 즉 그러한 리더십을 발휘해서 궁극적으로 도달 하고자 하는 바람직한 상태, 즉 좋은 조직, 이상적인 사회, 나라다운 나라에 대한 논의는 찾기 어렵다. 대학은 지어지선(止於至善)에서 그것을 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 섬김 리더십, 팔로워십 등과 같이 많은 「리더십론」은 지도자가 팔로워를 믿고 권한을 위임할 것을 권한다. 그러나 최근의 이론들은 섬김 리더십을 발휘하기에는 ‘나쁜’ 팔로워가 많고, 팔로워십을 발휘하기에는 ‘나쁜’ 지도자가 많다는 것을 인지하고 이를 소개하고 있다. 대학은 일찍부터 그 가능 성을 인지하고 친민(親民)에서 둘 다 선한 길로 가게 하는 정명(正名)리더십을 제시하고 있다. 셋째, 윤리적 리더십, 진성 리더십 등 많은 「리더십론」 들이 지도자 본인이 바로 서지 않으면 성공 적인 리더십을 발휘할 수 없다고 하나, 정작 지도자가 어떻게 윤리적이 되고 진성을 발휘할 수 있는지를 논의하는 이론은 찾기가 쉽지 않다. 대학은 명명덕(明明德)에서 숭경외(崇敬畏) 계일욕 (戒逸欲) 등을 통한 방법을 구체적으로 제시하고 있다. 넷째, 리더십에 관한 이론이 너무 많아 오히려 혼란을 야기한다. 너무 많은 「리더십론」이 오히려 리더십의 실제 모습을 파악하기 어렵게 만든다. 지도자는 그 많은 정보를 학습하여 실천하기가 어렵다. 그래서 수없이 많은 리더십이론을 통합하는 작업이 계속 시도되고 있으나 성공적이지 않다. 대학은 분절되고 개별적인 오늘날의 많은 리더십이론들을 통합할 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

Abstract

There is a lot of interest in leadership today. The public sector is no exception. So, countless theories and studies are pouring in. This study was intended to reveal that the oriental classic The Great Learning has the following four important differences and implications for these days of leadership theories. First, there are many leadership theories that emphasize the values and importance of 'goal', 'vision', and 'mission' such as transformational leadership, strategic leadership, and value-based leadership, However, it is difficult to find discussions about what is a good organization, an ideal society, and an ideal state. The Great Learning provides it in the line of the building. Second, many leadership theories such as servant leadership and followership recommend that leaders trust and delegate authority to followers. However, recent theories recognize that there are many “bad” leaders and many “bad” followers. The Great Learning recognize the possibility early on and suggests ‘正名’ leadership which leads them to a good path. Third, many leadership theories such as ethical leadership and authentic leadership say that unless the leader himself stands upright, successful leadership cannot be demonstrated. However, it is difficult to find a theory that discusses how leaders can be ethical and authentic. The Great Learning suggests a way to improve both ethics and authenticity through 明明德. Fourth, there are too many theories about leadership, which causes confusion. Too much “leadership theory” makes it difficult to grasp the true form of leadership. It is difficult for a leader to learn a lot of information and put it into practice. So, many attempts to integrate leadership theories have been attempted, but without success. The Great Learning suggests that many of today's fragmented and discrete leadership theories can be integrated.

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