실물로 전하는 신라의 악기(1) -국내 소장품을 중심으로-

Abstract

Silla instruments of archaeological remain contain the information on materials for and methods of production of the instruments that could not be found documentary records or drawings. They are highly valued historical materials in restoring Silla music because they can provide such sound sources as timbre, interval and range. The research aims at finding out about the kinds and the whereabouts of the existing instruments and to reveal their historical value and implication in an effort to restore both Silla instruments and Silla music. There are ten Silla instruments of archaeological remain, a piece of pipe instrument and nine pieces of percussions. The only existing pipe instrument is a piece of tangsamch'ae 唐三彩 hun 壎. Among the existing percussions are a piece of yogo 腰鼓 excavated in Isŏng mountain fortress 二聖山城, Hanam city 河南市 and a drum case in Hwawang mountain fortress 火旺山城 and two pieces of gong, one Hamt'ong 咸通 six-year-myŏng ching 징 and the other, Kunwi 軍威 In'gak temple 麟角寺 ching. There are five pieces of Silla bell. The three of them, Sangwŏn temple 上院寺 bell, the King Sŏngdŏk 聖德王 bell and the one excavated in Unch’ŏndong 雲天洞, Ch’ŏngju 淸州 can still be used while the remaining two, Sŏllimwŏn 禪林院 bell and Silsangsa 實相寺 temple bell are confirmed damaged. Tangsamch'ae hun, which was originally used for signaling in the army or during hunting, is presumed to have been transformed to a musical instrument. Its significance comes from the fact that it is the only existing Silla pipe instrument. It adds to its significance that it resulted from the music exchange between Silla 新羅 and Tang 唐 Dynasties. It is currently in the property of the National Kyŏngju 慶州 Museum. It is anticipated that the interval of this instrument will be measured if a replication is available made through exact physical measurements and 3D filming technique. The wooden drum case, excavated in Hwawang mountain fortress, Ch'angnyŏng 昌寧, now belongs to the National Kimhae 金海Museum. It is considered very important because it has information on the drum production method of Silla. The drum is presumed to have used both for signalling in the army and performance. The yogo from the Isŏng mountain fortress 二聖山城, Hanam 河南, is historically significant in that it is the only one discovered through excavation. It is assumed to have been used for accompaniment for singing. The Hanyang 漢陽 University Museum currently owns it. There are two gongs from the Silla era, one, Hamt'ong 咸通 six-year-myŏng ching and the other excavated in In'gaksa 麟角寺, Kunwi 軍威, the size of which are similar to that of the gongs used today for shamanistic rituals and farm music. In temples, they must have been used for Buddhist ceremonies and signaling to groups of monks living there. In the army, they may have been used to signal the troops to stop and retreat and as an instrument for military music. The method of production is quite different from that of today. They were made in cast. They are significant in terms that they show the change of methods of production in time. There are five pieces of Silla bell that still exist. They are classified into big and small bells according to their size. The big bells were installed outdoors in belfry for Buddhist ceremonies and announcements for special events of temple. The small bells were kept indoors and used for Buddhist ceremonies and rituals. They are significant in that they are older than the bell chimes imported from the Song 宋 Dynasty in the Koryŏ 高麗 era and that they still keep the sound of Silla. The oldest one is Sangwŏn temple 上院寺 bell and the biggest, the King Sŏngdŏk 聖德王 bell. There are only a handful of instruments left from the Silla Dynasty that existed 1000 years ago. However few they are, they are precious and important relics in that they can provide us with information on materials for and methods of production and that they have source sound of Silla. It is hoped that they will be stepping-stones to the restoration and representation of Silla music and Silla instruments.