해부학 개념이 들어있는 아리스토텔레스의 철학
Aristotelian Philosophy in Its Bearing on Anatomical Thought
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초록
아리스토텔레스는 이론적 철학자와 논리학자로 잘 알려져 있으나, 그는 위대한 자연주의 과학자이었다. 사실그는 현대적 의미에서 최초의 해부학자이며 해부학을 학문들 중 하나의 전문분야로 이끌어낸 해부학의 창시자이었다. 비록 그가 사람을 직접 해부하지는 않았지만, 그는 태아의 일부를 관찰하였고 동물들의 계통학적 분류를 시도하였다. 그가 남긴 사람해부학의 업적과 아울러 동물비교해부학의 업적은 헤아릴 수 없이 많다. 그는 장기들을 정확하게 묘사하였고 과학적 근거를 제시하는 해부학적 연구방법의 토대를 확립했다. 또한 그는 오늘날에도 여전히 사용되는 전문해부학 용어들을 만들었으며, 그의 관찰 기법은 너무나 정교하여 놀랄 정도이다. 비록 그의 생리학 개념에 많은 오류가있었지만, 장기들과 몸의 각 부위에 대한 형태학적 설명은 당시에 그가 최고였다. 이 연구의 목적은 아리스토텔레스 철학이 해부학과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 논의하는 데 있다. 아리스토텔레스가 연구한 해부학 분야의 업적을 살펴보고, 그의 해부학 연구의 오류를 알아보고, 해부학 개념이 들어있는 아리스토텔레스의 철학에 대하여 논의하는 것이다. 또한 오늘날 해부학자들에게 아리스토텔레스가 해부학의 위대한 선구자로 그의훌륭한 업적을 알리고자 하는 것이다.
Abstract
Although Aristotle is commonly known as a theoretical philosopher and a logician, he was also a great natural scientist. Actually in modern terms he was the first ever anatomist who originated anatomy. Despite the fact that he didn’t directly dissect humans, he observed parts of fetus and tried systematic analysis of animal bodies. The achievements he has accomplished in human anatomy and animal comparative anatomy are countless. He accurately described organs and built a foundation for presenting scientific reasons in anatomical research. Furthermore, he made modern nomenclature which is still being used today and his observational skills were so precise it was hard to even believe. Even though there were a lot of errors in his physiological concepts, his structural descriptions about organs and body parts were the best at that time. The aim of this article is to discuss how Aristotle’s anatomy and philosophy are closely related. It’s aim is to take a look at his anatomical achievements, errors and Aristotelian philosophy in its bearing on anatomical thoughts. In addition, the goal is to knowledge today’s anatomists about Aristotle’s astonishing achievements as a great pioneer in anatomy.
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