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세 가지 신뢰유형과 정치적 신뢰의 매개적 역할

Three Types of Trust and the Mediating Role of Political Trust

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

이 연구에서는 기존의 경험적 연구 결과와 역사적 설명을 기반으로 도출된 세 가지 유형의 신뢰의 잠재적 차원성을 척도분석(Mokken Scale Analysis)을 통해 검증하고, 그 결과를 기반으로 신뢰유형들의 영향요인과 이 유형 간의 인과적 관계를 검증하고자 한다. 지금까지의 대부분의 연구결과에서 사적 신뢰로 분류되었던 가족신뢰는 사적 신뢰에 포함되지 않을 뿐만 아니라 보편적 신뢰에는 부정적 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 가족신뢰가 부정적인 가족주의와는 개념적으로 구분되지만, 다른 대상에 대한 신뢰와 간극이 커서 지인이나 이웃에 대한 신뢰로 확산되지 않는 경우 보편적 신뢰 수준에 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 해석이 가능하다. 대부분의 연구에서 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 자발적 조직활동은 보편적 신뢰 수준에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 정치적 신뢰의 매개적 역할에 대한 검증결과도 설정된 인과모형을 뒷받침한다. 즉, 사적 신뢰는 정치적 신뢰와 보편적 신뢰의 근간이 되며, 정치적 신뢰는 보편적 신뢰 수준이 높아지는데 매개적 역할을 한다. 이는 신뢰에 대한 제도적 설명을 보다 구체적으로 뒷받침하는 하는 결과로서, 정치개혁이나 부패척결과 같은 정책적 성과에서 비롯되는 정치적 신뢰가 매개적인 역할을 한다는 것을 의미한다.

Abstract

The basic purpose of this study is to test the mediating model of political trust, derived from existing historical and empirical studies. To do so, many questions on trust are categorized into three types of trust, particularized, generalized and political trust. Contrary to previous studies, family trust is not included in particularized trust. Based on this result, a mediating model linking three types of trust is tested, while the known causes of generalized and political trust are taken into consideration. The notable results are (1) family trust negatively affects generalized trust, (2) the membership of and activities in voluntary associations are positively related to generalized trust, which is often not a significant cause in previous research, and most importantly (3) political trust is a mediating variable between the two other types of trust. This result supports the institutional explanation of generalized trust, implying that political reform efforts of institutionalization and in corruption prevention and eradication would result in a higher level of generalized trust.

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