Gagné 수업이론에 기반한 AI스피커 교육콘텐츠 분석 및 발전방향 연구 : Amazon Alexa Skills를 중심으로
Analysis and Development Direction of Education Content on AI speakers Based on Gagné’s Instructional Theory: Focused on Amazon Alexa Skills
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초록
지능형 개인비서 역할을 수행하는 AI(Artificial Intelligence) 스피커는 음성기반 사용자 인터페이스 환경에서 사용자와 상호작용함으로서 콘텐츠를 전달한다. Amazon은 AI스피커 Skills 시장을 개방함으로써 생태계를 선도하고 있으며, 교육콘텐츠 영역에 대한 비율도 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 교육에서 AI스피커를 활용한 적용이 늘어날 것으로 예측된다. 본 연구는 Gagné 수업이론에 기반한 AI스피커 교육콘텐츠 현황을 분석하고 향후 발전방향을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 이에 따라 일정기준에 의해 선정된 30개 Amazon “Echo”의 Skills를 대상으로 Gagné의 9가지 수업사태(events) 즉, “주의력 집중”, “수업목표 제시”, “사전지식 재생자극”, “학습안내 제공”, “수행유도”, “피드백 제공”, “수행평가”, “파지와 전이향상”을 바탕으로 이들의 적용여부를 분석하였다. 연구결과 “주의력 집중”, “학습안내 제공”, “수행유도” 등의 기능들이 AI스피커에 주로 적용된 반면, “사전지식 재생자극”, “파지와 전이향상”을 위한 기능은 제대로 활용되지 않았다. 연구결과에 기반하여, AI스피커의 구조적 이해에 기반한 설계, AI스피커의 기술적 속성을 활용한 설계, 구성주의(constructivism) 학습 패러다임을 적용한 설계, 다각적 학습설계 전략의 적용 등이 제언되었다.
Abstract
The artificial intelligence (AI) speaker, as an intelligent personal assistant, interacts with users and delivers content under voice user interfaces. Amazon is leading the market by running open the AI Speaker “skills” ecosystem. Accordingly, educational content skills on AI speakers are increasing and the future of learning could use some features of AI speakers. This research was conducted to analyze major educational content in terms of Gagné’s instructional theory of nine events including “gaining attention (reception),” “informing learners of the objective (expectancy),” “stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval),” “presenting the stimulus (selective perception),” “providing learning guidance (semantic encoding),” “eliciting performance (responding),” “providing feedback (reinforcement),” “assessing performance (retrieval),” and “enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)” and to suggest future directions. A total of 30 representative educational skills from Amazon “Echo” were investigated to check the effective applications of nine instructional events. As a result, “gaining attention,” “informing learners of objectives,” and “eliciting performance” were applied to many of the skills. However, “stimulating recall of prior learning” and “enhance retention and transfer” were not. Based on the findings, design based on structural understandings and technical properties of the AI speaker, design applied to constructivist learning paradigm, and design for effective instructional strategies were suggested.
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