『法界聖凡水陸勝會修齋儀軌』의 版本 樣相과 文化財的 價値

Abstract

This study analyzes on the editorial characteristics and the cultural values of the Gapsa Temple edition of Beopgyeseongbeom suryukseunghoe sujaeuigwe owned by the Seokdang Museum of Dong-A University. The major findings are as follows: (1) Suryukjae(水陸齋, roughly translated as the ceremony of the waters and the lands), is a Buddhist ceremony aimed at consoling the souls and spirits wandering the waters and the lands by providing them with Buddhist sermons and foods. Suryukmun(水陸文) is a written record of the rituals and procedures performed at Suryukjae, and Suryukseo(水陸書) is a published collection of Suryukmun records. (2) In China, Suryukjae began under the reign of Emperor Wu(武帝) of the Liang Dynasty. With the development of the Suryukmun format, Tian di ming yang shui lu yi wen(天地冥陽水陸儀文) by Yangak and Beopgyeseongbeom suryukseunghoe sujaeuigwe(法界聖凡水陸勝會修齋儀軌) by Jiban were published in the Song Dynasty. (3) In Korea, Suryukjae was performed on a regular basis as a national ceremony in the Goryeo Period and the early Joseon Period, until it was discontinued during the reign of King Yeonsangun, after which it was passed down at Buddhist temples and local communities. (4) The import of Suryukseo publications from China led to the creation and publication of various Suryukseo in Korea. Well-known examples include Suryuk mucha pyeongdeung jaeui chwaryo(水陸無遮平等齋儀撮要, author unknown), Jugam’s Cheonji myeongyang suryuk jaeui chanyo(天地冥陽水陸齋儀纂要), and Jiban’s Beopgyeseongbeom suryukseunghoe sujaeuigwe. (5) The royal court edition of Beopgyeseongbeom suryukseunghoe sujaeuigwe was published in 1470 (1st year of King Seongjong’s reign of the Joseon Dynasty) based on the original script written by Park Gyeong for woodblock printing. The edition was published by the Queen Dowager (Queen Jeonghui) to commemorate King Sejo, King Yejong, and King Uigyeong(Deokjong) and revitalize the Suryukjae ceremony. This publication holds significance as a Buddhist book published by the royal court despite Joseon’s oppression of Buddhism. (6) The edition of Beopgyeseongbeom suryukseunghoe sujaeuigwe housed at Seokdang Museum of Dong-A University is the book’s Buddhist temple edition. It is a collection of two parts: the printed version of the woodblock texts carved by Hyein and Joyeong at the Gapsa Temple in Gongju in 1558(13th year of King Myeongjong’s reign) based on the royal court edition, and the printed version of the new woodblock texts carved based on the calligraphy written by Suhyeon. This edition is the source edition that influenced the revised editions published by the Gwangheungsa Temple(1563), the Bowonsa Temple(1565), the Gongnimsa Temple(1573), the Cheonggyesa Temple(1622), the Yongboksa Temple (1632), the Seokwangsa Temple(1634), the Tongdosa Temple(1649), and the Songgwangsa Temple(1786). (7) Some of the revised woodblock editions of Beopgyeseongbeom suryukseunghoe sujaeuigwe created by these temples are still in existence today, although not in their complete forms. The surviving editions can be found at the Gaesimsa Temple, the Cheonggyesa Temple, the Tongdosa Temple, and the Songgwangsa Temple, which testify to the excellence of Korea’s woodblock printing culture.