福靈寺版 『水陸無遮平等齋儀撮要』에 관한 硏究

Abstract

This study analyzes on the Suryuk mucha pyeongdeung jaeui chwaryo(Ritual Text for the Water and Land Ceremony) published by Bongnyeongsa. The major findings are as follows: (1) Suryukjae(水陸齋) is a Buddhist ceremony aimed at consoling the souls and spirits wandering the waters and the lands by providing them with Buddhist sermons and foods. and Suryukseo(水陸書) is a published collection of the rituals and procedures performed at Suryukjae records. (2) During the Joseon period, Suryukseo, such as Suryuk mucha pyeongdeung jaeui chwaryo, Cheonji myeongyang suryuk jaeui chanyo (Ritual for Heaven and Earth, the Netherworld and This World, and Water and Land), and Beopgye seongbeom suryuk seunghoe sujae uigwe (Ritual Proceedings for the Cultivation of Water and Land Ceremony) were employed, with Suryuk mucha pyeongdeung jaeui chwaryo (hereinafter “Chwaryo”) being the most frequently used among them. (3) The printed versions of the Chwaryo published during the Joseon period are as many as 56 types, and they are categorized into those with 35 titles and 37 titles. The variance in the number of titles is attributed to errors made by transcribers during the production of the printed versions, starting with the Bongnyeongsa and Gyeonseongsa versions. Those published with 35 titles outnumber those published with 37 titles by almost 3 times. (4) The Gyeonseongsa version of the Chwaryo was published with 37 titles at Gyeonseongsa Temple in 1470. Yeonggabubuin Sin clan had her sun Yi Bu neatly transcribe the printed version to ensure the immortality of the souls of her husband, Yi Yeo; her father, Sin Ja-su; Yi Bang-beon and his wife Wang clan. (5) The Doseongam version of the Chwaryo was printed in June 1469 at Doseongam Hermitage through the prayers and donations of Princess Jeong-ui, under the leadership of monk Seonseok, to secure the immortality of her husband An Maeaeng-dam’s soul. Unfortunately, it has not been passed down to the present. According to research, apart from the Chwaryo, other works, such as Cheonji myeongyang suryuk jaeui chanyo, Yenyeom mita doryang chambeop (Contrition in the Name of Amitabha Buddha), Myobeop yeonhwagyeong (The Lotus Sutra), and Jijangbosal bonwongyeong (Great Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva) were also published at Doseongam Hermitage. Furthermore, it is presumed that “Daejangjeon Hall” was also established to preserve their woodblock plates. (6) In the Bongnyeongsa version of the Chwaryo, a written record with Korean ink states that “it was published at Bongnyeongsa Temple in Gaegyeong in the ganji year of sinchuk.” Comparing the bibliographical data and original versions of the contents in Korean ink and the Gyeonseongsa version of the Chwaryo showed differences in the number of arrangements, character types, some changed characters, some omitted words, and some replenished words. Based on them, we can derive that the ganji year of sinchuk is equivalent to the 10th year of King Gongmin’s reign, or 1361. Therefore, the Bongnyeongsa version of the Chwaryo was clearly the version printed at Bongnyeongsa Temple in Gaegyeong in 1361. (7) The Bongnyeongsa version of the Chwaryo holds significance not only as a precious Buddhist recorded heritage of the Goryeo period but also as a crucial resource for academic research on Suryukjae and Suryukseo at the end of the Goryeo period. Therefore, it is worth being researched, preserved, and managed by designating it as a state-designated cultural heritage.