자해청소년의 불안정애착, 복합외상경험이 자해행동에 미치는 영향: 해리경험의 매개효과를 중심으로
The Effects of Insecure Attachment and Experiences of Complex Trauma of the Self-injuring Adolescents on the Self-injuring Behavior: Mediating Effects of the Dissociative Experiences
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of insecure attachment and complex trauma experiences of adolescents on self-injuring behavior. Special attention is given to whether or not the relationship between insecure attachment and complex trauma experiences is mediated by dissociative experiences. A total of 93 teenagers aged 14-19 who had experience in self-injury in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, completed Experience in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R), Trauma Antecedents Questionnaire (TAQ), Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES), and responded to self-injuring behavior (frequency). The results of this study are as follows. First, correlation analyses showed positive correlations between insecure attachment, and complex trauma experiences of adolescents and their self-injuring behavior measured at the frequency of self-injury. In addition, dissociative experience showed significant positive correlations with self-injuring behavior. Second, dissociative experience proved to work a complete mediation on the effects of insecure attachment of adolescents on self-injuring behavior. Third, dissociative experience turned out to have a same effect in the case of complex trauma experiences of adolescents on self-injuring behavior. This suggests the need for intervention in dissociative experience above self-injuring behavior prevention and treatment of adolescents. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study and suggestions for further research were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of insecure attachment and complex trauma experiences of adolescents on self-injuring behavior. Special attention is given to whether or not the relationship between insecure attachment and complex trauma experiences is mediated by dissociative experiences. A total of 93 teenagers aged 14-19 who had experience in self-injury in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, completed Experience in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R), Trauma Antecedents Questionnaire (TAQ), Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES), and responded to self-injuring behavior (frequency). The results of this study are as follows. First, correlation analyses showed positive correlations between insecure attachment, and complex trauma experiences of adolescents and their self-injuring behavior measured at the frequency of self-injury. In addition, dissociative experience showed significant positive correlations with self-injuring behavior. Second, dissociative experience proved to work a complete mediation on the effects of insecure attachment of adolescents on self-injuring behavior. Third, dissociative experience turned out to have a same effect in the case of complex trauma experiences of adolescents on self-injuring behavior. This suggests the need for intervention in dissociative experience above self-injuring behavior prevention and treatment of adolescents. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study and suggestions for further research were discussed.
참고문헌 (92)
- 강민아, "고등학생의 아동기 학대 경험과 비자살적 자해 경험간의 관계 : 초기 부적응 도식을 매개로", 석사, pp.2017
- 고나래, "아동, 청소년기 복합외상경험이 정서조절과 대인관계문제에 미치는 영향", 석사, 심리학, pp.2008
- 공성숙, "섭식장애 환자의 섭식장애 증상, 우울, 강박성이 자해행동에 미치는 영향", Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 39(4), pp.459~468 (2009), 한국간호과학회
- 김보경, "침습적 외상 기억과 외상 증상 및 심리적 부적응에 대한 경험 회피와 해리의 관계", 인지행동치료, 16(2), pp.141~160 (2016), 한국인지행동치료학회
- 김성현, "친밀 관계 경험 검사 개정판 타당화 연구 : 확증적 요인분석과 문항 반응 이론을 중심으로", 석사, 교육상담, pp.2004
- 김수진, "비자살적 자해와 애착 연구 개관 : 국외 연구를 중심으로", 인간발달연구, 22(3), pp.1~24 (2015), 한국인간발달학회[DOI]
- 김신실, "청소년의 애착유형이 자기자비에 미치는 영향 : 정서인식 명확성의 매개효과", 석사, 심리학과 상담심리학전공, pp.2014
- 김영근, "치료적 관계 안에서의 내담자의 변화와 성장", 인간.환경.미래, (17), pp.111~142 (2016), 인간환경미래연구원[DOI]
- 김용희, "애착과 신체화의 관계에 대한 자기개념 변인의 매개효과", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11(1) (2006), 한국건강심리학회
- 김창호, "긍정적 행동지원(PBS)이 중증 자폐성장애 학생의 자해 행동, 자리이탈 행동, 자위 행동에 미치는 효과", 특수아동교육연구, 16(4), pp.287~306 (2014), 한국특수아동학회[DOI]
- 김철권, "비행청소년 반복자해군과 비자해군간의 통각내성치에 대한 Naloxone 효과의 차이", 신경정신의학, 31, pp.767~777 (1992)
- 김현순, "청소년의 애착과 자아탄력성이 정서·행동문제에 미치는 영향", 석사, 아동심리치료, pp.2005
- 김효선, "고등학생이 지각한 부모애착이 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향 : 적응적 방어기제의 조절효과", 석사, 상담교육전공, pp.2012
- 류현미, "청소년의 비자살적 자해에 대한 국내 연구동향", pp.2021
- 박문숙, "특성화고등학교 남학생들의 비자살적 자해 실태 및 동기에 관한 연구", 청소년상담연구, 28(1), pp.459~491 (2020), 한국청소년상담복지개발원[DOI]
- "서울포커스" (2013)[URL]
- 서윤아, "비자살적 자해에 영향을 미치는 복합외상 및 복합외상증후군의 탐색", 석사, 심리학과 임상및상담심리전공, pp.2014
- 성요안나, "비자살적 자해에 대한 국내연구 개관: 2000-2018년 연구들을 중심으로", 인지행동치료, 19(2), pp.251~280 (2019), 한국인지행동치료학회[DOI]
- 신미옥, "학교스트레스 및 자기 통제력이 청소년의 자살생각 및 자해시도에 미치는 영향", 석사, pp.2015
- 심주현, "청소년이 경험한 직·간접 가정 폭력, 해리 및 학교 적응과의 관계", 석사, 심리학, pp.2009
- 안영신, "청소년의 비자살적 자해에 관한 연구", 석사, pp.2015
- 오혜정, "아동기 학대경험과 부부폭력 노출경험이 성장 후 문제음주에 미치는 영향", 석사, 사회복지학, pp.2004
- 유성경, "한국 초, 중, 고등학생용 부모애착 척도의 타당화 연구", 초등상담연구, 9(10) (2010)
- 이경선, "부모애착과 자기 파괴적 충동 행동의 관계에서 친밀한 관계에 대한 두려움의 매개효과", 석사, 상담심리전공, pp.2012
- 이동귀, "청소년 자해행동: 여중생의 자살적 자해와 비(非)자살적 자해", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 28(4), pp.1171~1192 (2016), 한국상담심리학회
- 이래현, "청소년의 대인관계 외상경험이 자기체계손상에 미치는 영향 : 과각성 및 해리, 정신화의 매개효과", 석사, pp.2019
- 이성용, "장애 학생의 자해행동에 대한 국내 실험연구 분석", 행동분석ㆍ지원연구, 2(1), pp.63~86 (2015), 한국행동분석학회
- 이수정, "청소년의 정서적 학대 경험이 비자살적 자해에 미치는 영향: 초기부적응도식과 정서조절곤란의 이중매개효과", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 32(4), pp.1715~1741 (2020), 한국상담심리학회[DOI]
- 이영지, "비(非)자살적 자해 경험이 있는 20대 청년들의 자해가 습득된 자살실행력을 매개로 자살행동에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 25(4), pp.757~776 (2020), 한국건강심리학회[DOI]
- 이주성, "아동기 피학대 경험이 폭력행동에 미치는 영향 : 해리와 감정표현불능증의 매개효과 검증", 박사, 심리학, pp.2005
- 전성일, "신체 질환과 연관된 심한 자해로 입원한 아동 보고 1례", 소아청소년정신의학, 7(2), pp.258~266 (1996)
- 정재익, "대학생의 불안정 애착과 사회불안의 관계: 내면화된 수치심과 자기자비의 순차적 매개효과", 청소년상담연구, 27(2), pp.23~52 (2019), 한국청소년상담복지개발원[DOI]
- 진선주, "자해 청소년의 특성과 관련 변인 연구", 박사, pp.2019
- 통계청, "2019 청소년 통계", ~ (2019)
- 채송화, "청소년의 복합외상과 해리경험의 관계에서 주체적 자기손상의 조절효과", 석사, pp.2017
- 최현정, "성매매 여성의 해리 경험에 대한 기능적 분석: 사례 연구", 인지행동치료, 7(2), pp.37~62 (2007)
- 한현아, "가정의 위험요인, 자아탄력성 및 또래관계의 질이 청소년의 문제행동에 미치는 영향", 아동학회지, 29(1), pp.87~101 (2008), 한국아동학회
- 황푸른솔, "후기 청소년의 불안정애착이 비자살적 자해에 미치는 영향 : 정서조절곤란의 매개효과", 석사, pp.2021
- Allen, J. P., "The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment : Individual differences and their relationship to psychological wellbeing in adolescence", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, pp.427~454 (1998)
- Allen, J., "Coping with trauma: Hope through understanding" (2005), American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc
- Arens, A. M., "Child maltreatment and deliberate self-harm among college student : Testing mediation and moderation models for impulsivity", American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(3), pp.328~ (2012)
- Armstrong, J. G., "Development and validation of a measure of adolescent dissociation : The Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale", The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 185(8), pp.491~497 (1997)
- Barahmand U, "A study of alexithymia and dissociative experiences in soldiersand male university students", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84(9), pp.165~170 (2013)
- Baron, R. M., "The moderator-mediatorvariable distinction social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statisticalconsiderations", Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51, pp.1173~1182 (1986)
- Bernstein, D. P., "Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire", Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, pp.169~190 (2003)
- Besharat, M. A., "Relation of attachment style with marital conflict", Psychological reports, 92, pp.1135~1140 (2003)
- Bowlby, J., "The making and breaking of affectional bands", British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, pp.201~210 (1977)
- Bookwala, J., "Adult attachment styles and aggressive behavior within dating relationships", Journal of Socialand Personal Relationships, 15(2), pp.175~190 (1998)
- Briere, J., "Child abuse trauma: Theory and treatment of the lasting effects" (1992), Sage
- Briere. J., "Self-mutilation in clinical and general population samples : Prevalence, Correlates, and Functions", American Journal of Psychiatry, 68(4), pp.609~620 (1998)
- Brown, M. Z., "Reasons for suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality disorder", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, pp.198~202 (2002)
- Cassidy, J., "Family-peer connections : The roles of emotional expressiveness within the family and children’s understanding of emotions", Child Development, 63, pp.603~618 (1993)
- Courtois, C. A., "Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence based guide" (2009), The Guilford Press
- Favazza, A., "The coming of age of self-mutilation", Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186, pp.259~268 (1998)
- Fraley, R. C., "Anitem response theory analysis of self-report measure of adult attachment", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, pp.350~365 (2000)
- Glassman, L. H., "Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism", Behaviour research and therapy, 45(10), pp.2483~2490 (2007)
- Gratz, K. L., "Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation : Development, Factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale", Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assesment, 26, pp.41~54 (2004)
- Gratz, K. L., "Risk factors for deliberate self-harm among female college students : The role and interaction of chilhood maltreatment, emotional inexpressivity, and affect intensity", reactivity, 2006, pp.76(2), 238~
- Gratz, K. L., "The role of emotional responding and childhood maltreatment in the development and maintenance of deliberate self-harm among male undergraduates", Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8(1), pp.1~ (2007)
- Gratz, K. L., "Risk factors for deliberate self harm among college students", American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(1), pp.128~140 (2002)
- Gilbert, P., "The dark side of competition: How competitive behavior and striving to avoid inferiority are linked to depression, anxiety, stress and self-harm", Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 82, pp.123~136 (2009)
- Hawton, K., "Deliberate self haem in adolescents : Self report survey in schools in England", British Medical Journal, 325(7374), pp.1207~1211 (2002)
- Heim C, "Neurobiology of early life stress: clinicalstudies", Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 7, pp.147~159 (2002)
- Herman, J. L., "Complex PTSD : Asyndrome in survivors of prolnged and repeated trauma", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, pp.377~391 (1992)
- Herman, J. L, "Trauma and recovery" (1997), Basic books
- Himber, J., "Blood rituals; Self-cutting in female psychiatric inpatients", Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Parctice, Training, 31(4), pp.620~631 (1994)
- Holmes, J., "John Bowlby and Attachment theory" (1992), Rouledge
- Joiner, T. E., "Myths about suicide" (2010), harvard University Press
- Keany, J. C., "Dissociation in an outpatient sample of woman reporting child sexual abuse", Psychological Reports, 78, pp.p59~65 (1996)
- Kimball, J. S., "Affect regulation as a mediator of attachment and deliberate self-harm", Journal of College Counseling, 10, pp.44~53 (2007)
- Klonsky, E. D., "Non-suicidal self-injury in United Sattes adults : Prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions", Psychological Medicine, 41, pp.1981~1986 (2011)
- Klonsky, E. D., "Self injury : A research review for the practitioner", Journal of clinical psychology, 63(11), pp.1045~1056 (2007)
- Laye-Gindhu, A., "Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents Understanding the “Whats” and “Why” of seif-harm", Journal of Youth and Adolescent, 34(5), pp.447~457 (2005)
- Nock, M. K., "Why do people hurt themselves? new insights into the nature and functions of self-injury", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(2), pp.78~83 (2009)
- Nock, M. K., "Self-injury", Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), pp.339~363 (2010)
- Nock, M. K., "Revealing the form and function of Self-injurious thoughts and belhaviors; A real-time ecological assessment study and among adolescents and young adults", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, pp.816~827 (2009)
- Ross, S., "A Study of the frequency of self-mutilation in a community sample of adolescents", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, pp.67~77 (2002)
- Scott, K. L., "Promising directions for the treatment of complex childhood trauma: The Intergenerational Trauma Treatment Model", The Journal of Behavior Analysis of Offender and Victim Treatment and Prevention, 1(3), pp.273~283 (2008)
- Simpson, C. A., "Self-mutilation in children and adolescents", Bullertin of the Menninger Clinic, 45(5), pp.428~438 (1981)
- Sroufe, L. A., "The Coherence of Individual Development : Early care, Attachment, and Subsequent Developmental Issues", American Psychologist, 34, pp.834~841 (1979)
- Stepp, S. D., "The role of attachment style and interpersonal problems in suicide-related behaviors", Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(5), pp.592~607 (2008)
- Swanell, S., "Child maltreatment, subsequent non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating roles od dissociation, alexithymia and self-blame", Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(7), pp.572~584 (2012)
- Tatnell, R., "Longitudinal analysis of adolescent NSSI : The role of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors", Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, pp.885~896 (2014)
- Terr, L., "Unchained memories" (1994), Basic
- Thomas, P. M., "Protection, dissociation and internal roles : Modeling and treating the effects of child abuse", Review of General Psychology, 7, pp.364~380 (2003)
- Tsai, M. H., "Deliberate self-harm by Taiwanese adolescents", Acta Paedatrica, 100(11), pp.223~226 (2011)
- Turell, S. C., "Differentiation incest survivors who self- mutilate", Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(2), pp.237~249 (2000)
- Van der Kolk, B. A., "Traumatic stress: The Effect of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Socitey" (1996), Guilford Press
- Wachter, T., "A preliminary study examining relationships between childhood meltreatment, dissociation, and self- injury in psychiatric outpatients", Journal of trauma & dissociation, 10(3), pp.261~275 (2009)
- Wan, Y. H., "Deliberate self-harm behaviors in Chiness adolescents and young adults", European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20(10), pp.517~525 (2011)
- Yates, T. M., "A prospective study of child maltreatment and self-injurious behavior in a community sample", Develipment and Psychopathology, 20(02), pp.651~671 (2008)
- Zlotnick, C., "The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, childhood trauma and alexithymia in an outpatient sample", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, pp.177~188 (2001)
