금융환경변화와 미국신협의 대응
Changes in the Financial Environment and Development of the U.S. Credit Union System
0
조회
0
다운로드
12
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines the development of the U.S. credit union system in response to the changes in the economic conditions and the financial system. Since introduced to U.S. in 1909, credit unions spread across the country, being accepted as an alternative to informal credit institutions such as money lenders. Credit unions grew rapidly in the segmented markets established by the banking laws and the Federal Credit Union Law in the 1930s. Credit unions formed the three-tier federation network and systematically responded to the challenges and opportunities during the war years and the following economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s. In the early 1970s, credit unions evolved into full-fledged financial institutions with the establishment of the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF) and Central Liquidity Fund(CLF), but they experienced difficulties in a wave of financial innovations throughout the 1970s. The massive deregulation of financial services industry in the 1980s greatly expanded the authority of credit unions in offering financial products and services. The National Credit Union Administration(NCUA), credit unions' own independent agency, contributed to the development of the credit union system preserving its cooperative structure and characteristics. Credit unions has grown steadily under the stable economic conditions and the transition to universal banking system in the 1990s and the 2000s, offering various financial services to credit union members through credit union service organizations(CUSOs).
Abstract
This paper examines the development of the U.S. credit union system in response to the changes in the economic conditions and the financial system. Since introduced to U.S. in 1909, credit unions spread across the country, being accepted as an alternative to informal credit institutions such as money lenders. Credit unions grew rapidly in the segmented markets established by the banking laws and the Federal Credit Union Law in the 1930s. Credit unions formed the three-tier federation network and systematically responded to the challenges and opportunities during the war years and the following economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s. In the early 1970s, credit unions evolved into full-fledged financial institutions with the establishment of the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF) and Central Liquidity Fund(CLF), but they experienced difficulties in a wave of financial innovations throughout the 1970s. The massive deregulation of financial services industry in the 1980s greatly expanded the authority of credit unions in offering financial products and services. The National Credit Union Administration(NCUA), credit unions' own independent agency, contributed to the development of the credit union system preserving its cooperative structure and characteristics. Credit unions has grown steadily under the stable economic conditions and the transition to universal banking system in the 1990s and the 2000s, offering various financial services to credit union members through credit union service organizations(CUSOs).
참고문헌 (36)
- "Chronicle of Philanthropy" (2003)
- "The Evolution of CUSOs", (2004-5) (2004)
- "Competition, Deregulation and the Fortunes of Credit Unions" (1995), Filene Institute
- "The Changing Face of Credit Union" (2003)
- "An Historical Analysis of the Credit Crunch of 1966 Federal Reserve Bank of St", pp.13~30
- "Field of Membership" (1991)
- "Banks Look to Make Converts of Credit Unions" (2006), Washington Post
- "CUNA 2004, 2005 Annual Report" (2005)
- "Written statement of CUNA on financial literacy and social security reform presented to the house financial services committee" (2005)
- "Written testimony Before the House Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit on Financial Services" (2005)
- "Federal Credit Union Act. http:"[DOI]
- "Credit Unions Fighting to Keep Membership" (2000)
- "Testimony to the Summit on Credit Union Capital" (2005), NCUA
- "Good Intentions and Unintended Evil- The Case against Selective Credit Allocation"
- "Http:", webzine, pp.200503, page16.html
- "Http:", articles, pp.archive.php
- "Http:", history, pp.create.html
- "Http:", history, pp.cu_philosophy.html
- "Http:", history, pp.wakeup.html
- "Http:", history, pp.war_years.html
- "Http:"[DOI]
- "Http:", reg_advocacy, pp.comment_letters, cl_022300.html
- "Http:", pol_affairs, pp.grassroots, project_d[DOI]
- "Http:"[DOI]
- "Http:"[DOI]
- "Http:"
- "Http:", 2004_Annual_Report.pdf
- "Credit Union Tax Exemption" (2005), Finance Wire
- "U.S. Senate Committee Hearing on Regulatory Relief Proposals" (2005)
- "Testimony on Review of Credit Union Tax Exemption before the Ways and Means Committee of the U.S. House of Representative" (2006)
- "CUSOs and Loan Participations in Business Lending" (2004)
- "NCUA. History of Credit Unions. http:"[DOI]
- "NCUA Letter No.98-CU-16. http:", letters, pp.1998, 98-cu-16.html
- "NCUA Rules and Regulations. http:"[DOI]
- "Commercial Banks and Credit Unions" (2006)
- "Testimony on Credit Union Regulatory Improvements before the House Financial Institutions Subcommittee" (2004), CUNA & Affiliates