1831년 『군정성책(軍丁成冊)』을 통해 본 전라좌수영의 군정과 군관 -순천부 사례를 중심으로

Abstract

It was the 15th century that provincial navy commanders(水軍節度使) were dispatched to Suncheon-bu of Jeollado. During that period, Wakou(倭寇), Japanese raiders, invaded the sea sectors of Suncheon(順天), causing damage day by day. The Wakou during that time appeared in the sea sectors of Joseon along a bi-forked sea route. The one is a sea route from Tsushima Island(對馬島) to Gocho Island(孤草島) via Geoje Island(巨濟島), and the other one is a sea route from Odo Island(五島) in Japan to Garipo(currently Wando Island) via Sonjuk Island(損竹島) and Sunsan Island(仙山島). Due to this, Jeolla Province was not be able to be free from long-term wars including the Eulmyo Japanese invasion in 1555 (10th year of Myoungjong in Joseon Dynasty), Jeonghae Japanese invasion in 1587 (20th year of Seonjo in Joseon Dynasty), the Imjin war in 1592, and Jungyujaeran (the 2nd Japanese war). Since the Imjin war in 1592, the sea defense system of Jeollado Province was substantially reorganized in 1681 (7th year of Sukjong of Joseon Dynasty). At that time, the navy of Jeolla Province was reorganized into Jwado (left) and Udo (right) around suyung(水營), navy commanders, in which their subordinate organizations, Cheomsa(僉使), Manho(萬戶), and Byeljang(別將) were dispatched, and the jurisdictional areas are from Wido Island(蝟島) in Gunsan to Odongpo(梧桐浦) in Yeosu. Among them, Jeolla Jwasuyung had control over 5 gwans (i.e. Suncheon, Nakan, Boseong, Gwangyang, and Heungyang), and 5 pos (i.e. Bangdapjin, Sadojin, Yeodojin, Balpojin, and Nokdojin). Jeolla Jwasuyung during 19th century had control over 6 gwans and 7 pos after Heoryongpojin and Godolsanjin in Jangheung were restored. As analysis data, this paper used a collection entitled Gunjeongseongchaek (『軍丁成冊』) written in 1831. This data contain a list of military administrators and military officers of 4 myeons of Suncheon-bu(順天府) belonging to Jeolla Jwasuyung. Namely, the military administrators of 4 myeons of Suncheon bu consisted of navy, rice keepers, petty officers, signal-fire soldiers, and collectors, as well as Jeongbyung(正兵). Among them, the number of Jeongbyeong was highest, and the average age of Jeongbyeong was 44 years old, whereas the average age of navy was 31 years old. Nevertheless, it seems that there was no big change in the number of military administrators belonging to Jeolla Jwasuyung in the 19th century, compared to the previous periods. For example, whereas 136 military administrators were registered in a record entitled Yejidoseo(『輿地圖書』) produced by the central government in the 18th century for the number of them in Yeosu-myeon(呂水面), Suncheon-bu, 144 military administrators were registered in a record entitled Gunjeongseongchaek in the 19th century for the number of them in the same area. The navy organizations of Jeolla Jwasuyung were unified into Ministry of War(軍務衙門) in 1895 (32nd year of Gojong of Joseon Dynasty), which led to reformation of all suyung(水營) and its subordinate navy organizations.