벽초 홍명희와 漢詩 아비투스

Abstract

The life and literature of Hong Myeong‐hee (1888～1968) have been much studied and considerable materials are accumulated. Professor Kang Young‐ju made comprehensive and in‐depth studies in her “Study on Byeokcho Hong Myeong‐hee”(1999) and “Critical Biography of Byeokcho Hong Myeong‐hee”(2004). While recently attentions were paid to sino‐Korean literatures in modern transition times, many sino‐Korean poems of Hong Myeong‐hee were found. Many of his sino‐Korean poems written in 1920s were newly found. It is not unusual that Byeokcho who grew up using sino‐Korean as his first written language left sino‐Korean poetry. Regardless of his attitude to coerce sino‐Korean writing, the contemporary reality needed sino‐Korean poetry habitus such as celebration poetry (poems congratulating the 60th birthday), and condolatory poetry, and Byeokcho wrote condolatory poetry in sino‐Korean to respond to the social and ethnic expectations of Beseol, Park Eun‐sik, Shin Kyu‐shik and Yeo Kyu‐hyeong. Besides, he made friends with Jeong In‐bo, Bang Eung‐mo and Hyun Sang‐yun and recited sino‐Korean poetry. He also published sino‐Korean poetry expressing his feelings missing his family including his brother Hong Seong‐hee on newspapers. In other words, the lyric genre of Hong Myeong‐hee to express his feelings was sino‐Korean poetry. Before independence, he mainly wrote sino‐Korean poetry while he did not write Sijo (traditional three verse Korean poem) and free verse. In this point, writing activities of Byeokcho need to be reviewed in the aspect of sino‐Korean habitus or continuation of sinogaphic context. Among his sino‐Korean poetries, 「Effusion of thoughts and feelings」 of 5언 100구 composed in Seodaemun Prison in 1930 has not been analyzed sufficiently comparing to its importance. In this poem written to answer Jeong In‐bo’s visit, he expressed that his will to independence became stronger even though his body was confined in the prison recalling the troubled journey of intelligence in the colony. This poem has special lyrical value among writings of Byeokcho in that he recalled his life and described his mind in this long verse. Additionally, the ego of this poem has the characteristic of ethnic ego in that it was written to show effusion of thoughts and feelings of a patriot who was imprisoned because of Shinganhoi People’s Meeting Incident. The free verse “Commemoration of August 15” by Byeokcho at the first anniversary of independence attracted attention. This poem was found by the writer, which described chaotic situations righter after independence such as introduction of trusteeship to Korea in long verse of 5 yeon(연) 62 gu(구). Byeokcho compared the Korean peninsula to a patient recovering from long ailments. He lamented deeply that the helpless and clowns who wanted to depend on others were prevalent in reality, although he wanted to walk alone without holding somebody else’s arms. At the point of split of opinions in August in 1946 because of hot issues such as trusteeship and establishment of government in South Korea, he expressed his ethnic ego contemplating and agonizing over the future of Korea. This “Commemoration of August 15” showed the tradition of sino‐Korean poetry such as comparative expressions, while it did not show achievements as free verse just like “Song mixed with tears” written in the days of independence. In other words, it can be said that habitus of sino‐Korean literature underlay in the base of sino‐Korean poetry and free verse of Byeokcho Hong Myeong‐hee