고등교육 분야 온라인 학습 연구의 동향: 생태계적 접근
Research Trend of Online Learning in Higher Education: An Ecological Approach
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초록
최근 고등교육에서 교수학습의 질을 개선하고 학습자의 핵심 역량을 향상시키기 위해서 온라인 학습을 적극적으로 활용하는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 고등교육에서 온라인 학습의 중요성이 강조되면서 관련 연구가 국내외에서 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 고등교육 온라인 학습에 관한 최근 국내외의 연구 동향을 분석하고 서로 비교함으로써 주요 이슈를 파악하고 향후 연구의 방향을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 국내외의 온라인 데이터베이스를 이용하여 2011년부터 2014년까지 최근 4년간 출판된 고등교육 온라인 학습환경에 관한 1,369편의 학술지 논문(국내: 439, 국외: 930)을 분석하였다. 온라인 학습의 다양한 측면과 다층 구조를 고려하여 생태계적 관점에서 선행연구를 (1) 학습자, (2) 미시적 학습환경, (3) 거시적 학습환경에 관한 연구로 분류하고 총 17개의 하위범주로 구분하였다. 연구 결과, 미시적 학습환경에 관한 연구가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였으며, 거시적 학습환경과 학습자 혹은 미시적 학습환경과의 관련성을 연구한 사례가 드물게 나타났다. 국외연구에 비해 국내연구에서는 학습자에 관한 연구의 비율이 높았으나 학습자와 미시적 학습환경의 관련성에 대한 연구의 비율은 상대적으로 낮았다. 그리고 각 층위 내에서도 학습자의 개인 간 특성, 교수자, 평가, 커뮤니티/문화에 관한 연구가 상대적으로 부족하였다. 이러한 연구결과에 기반하여 향후 고등교육 분야에서의 온라인 학습 연구의 방향을 제시하였다.
Abstract
In higher education, recently, online learning is actively used to improve the quality of teaching and learning as well as students’ key competencies. A growing number of studies have been conducted in regard to online learning in Korea and overseas. This study intends to investigate the research trend of online learning in higher education in order to identify key issues in the field and to discuss the future direction of the research. For this research, a total of 1,369 peer-reviewed journal articles (Korea: 439, foreign: 930) published from 2011 to 2014 were selected from electronic databases. To consider diverse aspects and multi levels of online learning, an ecological approach was used to categorize previous studies into the three levels: (1) learner, (2) micro learning environment, and (3) macro learning environment. The levels included a total of 17 research topics. This study found that the percentage of micro learning environment research was larger than the others. In contrast, there was lack of research about the relationships between a macro learning environment and the other levels. In Korea, the percentage of research on learners was larger than other countries, whereas overseas studies investigated the relationships between learners and a micro learning environment more than Korean studies. This research also found that more research is necessary in regard to interpersonal skills of learners, instructors, assessment, and communities/culture in online learning environments. Based on these results, we discussed the future direction of online learning research in higher education.
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