A Contested Seabed: India-China Deep Sea Mining Competition in the Indian Ocean
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This paper explores surging competition over deep-sea mining (DSM) in the Indian Ocean, focusing on the developing situation between India and China. Three core research questions are posed in this study: (1) How and why India and China have paid attention on Indian Ocean DSM and what their races implies? (2) Which technologies two countries are interested and invests to gain strategic advantages? (3) What conflicting promises may arise to explore the future advantages in this field. We found that China leads DSM more proactively and India follows at the brisk pace to envision its strategies, plan, and the technological development. Overall, this paper concludes, as Indian Ocean provides an open water for the intensified DSM competition, it is likely that the India-China rivalry will embrace DSM competition more intensified as two countries aim to be great powers that dominates global supply chain and technology.
Abstract
This paper explores surging competition over deep-sea mining (DSM) in the Indian Ocean, focusing on the developing situation between India and China. Three core research questions are posed in this study: (1) How and why India and China have paid attention on Indian Ocean DSM and what their races implies? (2) Which technologies two countries are interested and invests to gain strategic advantages? (3) What conflicting promises may arise to explore the future advantages in this field. We found that China leads DSM more proactively and India follows at the brisk pace to envision its strategies, plan, and the technological development. Overall, this paper concludes, as Indian Ocean provides an open water for the intensified DSM competition, it is likely that the India-China rivalry will embrace DSM competition more intensified as two countries aim to be great powers that dominates global supply chain and technology.