중국의 인도양 진출과 인도의 대응 분석: 인도-인도양 연안국 간의 안보·전략적 관계를 중심으로
China’s Growing Footprints in the Indian Ocean and India’s Response: Focusing on Security and Defense Ties between India and Indian Ocean Littoral States
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초록
2000년대 이후 중국은 인도양으로까지 군사활동을 확대하는 한편 인도양 지역 국가들과의 경제적 관계 강화를 통해 이 지역에서의 영향력을 확장하고 있다. 하지만 전통적으로 인도양 지역의 리더를 자처해온 인도에게 있어 중국의 인도양 진출은 인도의 영향력을 약화시키며 안보에도 위협을 가하고 있는 것으로 인식되고 있다. 인도양 지역에서의 안보환경이 불리하게 돌아감에 따라 인도는 어떻게 대응을 해오고 있는가? 본 연구는 중국의 인도양 진출 상황을 살펴보고 이러한 상황 속에서 인도와 인도양 지역 연안국가들 간의 안보·전략적 관계 강화의 요인, 현황 등을 분석한다. 본 연구는 인도양 지역에 대한 중국의 진출이 적극적으로 추진됨에 따라 인도가 적극적인 대중국 견제전략을 추진하고 있으며, 특히 그 일환으로써 방글라데시와 스리랑카 등 인도양 지역 내 이웃 국가들과의 국방·안보협력을 강화함으로써 전략적 관계를 다변화하는 데 적극적인 노력을 펼치고 있다고 주장한다.
Abstract
Since the 2000s, China has expanded its military footprints in the Indian Ocean and increased its economic influence in the Indian Ocean littoral states. However, from the perspective of India, which has been regarded as a traditional regional leader, China’s growing influence has weakened India’s position and imposed a threat to India’s national security. Under these circumstances, how has India responded? This study reviews how China has attempted to attract small South Asian countries into its economic and strategic orbit as well as strengthened its naval activities there, and how India has dealt with a rising China. The study argues that, facing this unfavorable strategic circumstance, India has actively practiced an anti-China balancing strategy, and specifically, tried to diversify its strategic relations by enhancing defense and security cooperation with its neighboring countries.
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