19세기 독일체조 민족주의의 변화에 관한 논의: 두 명의 민족주의자를 중심으로
Discussion on the Change of Nationalism in German Gymnastics in the 19th Century: Focusing on Two Nationalists
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[목적] 본 연구는 19세기 독일체조의 민족주의 변화의 과정과 원인을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. [방법] 연구방법은 문헌연구법으로 기존의 연구를 통해서 이미 축적되어있는 데이터를 분석하였다. 자료수집 방법과 관련하여, 국내 연구자료는 RISS에서 ‘독일체조’, ‘투르넨’, ‘독일 민족주의’로 검색하여 연구 주제와 관련있는 11편을 활용하였다. 해외 연구자료는 구글스칼라에서 ‘German gymnastics’, ‘Turnen’을 검색하여 나오는 연구 중 본 연구와 관련있는 7편을 중심으로 이루어졌다. [결과] 첫째, 독일의 민족주의는 자유주의적 민족주의와 국가주의적 민족주의로 분화하였다가, 독일의 통일 이후 국가주의적 민족주의로 귀결되었다. 둘째, 얀은 자유주의적 민족주의자로서, 스피스는 국가주의적 민족주의자로서, 독일체조를통해 자신의 사상을 전파하고자 하였다. 셋째, 독일체조는 얀의 자유주의적 민족주의에서 스피스의 국가주의적 민족주의로 변화하였는데, 이는 독일체조의 외부적 배경과 내재된 한계에 의해 필연적으로 이루어질 수밖에 없었다. [결론] 본 연구에서는 19세기 독일체조의 민족주의적 성격이 변화하는 과정과 원인을 보여주었다. 그리고 아직 주목받지못하였지만 알아볼 가치가 있는 역사적 사례들이 다양하게 연구될 필요가 있음을 제언한다.
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the process and cause of change in nationalism in German gymnastics in the 19th century. METHODS The study used a literature study method and analyzed data from previous studies. Eleven articles related to the research topic were chosen for domestic research data by searching RISS for "German gymnastics," "Turnen," and "German nationalism." Overseas research data involved seven articles related to this study and were found by searching for "German gymnastics" and "Turnen" in Google Scholar. RESULTS First, German nationalism was originally divided into liberal nationalism and nationalistic nationalism, resulting in nationalistic nationalism after German reunification. Second, Jahn as a liberal nationalist and Spiess as a nationalist attempted to spread their ideas through German gymnastics. Finally, German gymnastics change from Jahn's liberal nationalism to Spiess' nationalistic nationalism was inevitable due to German gymnastics' external background and inherent limitations. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated the process and cause of the change in the nationalistic characteristics of German gymnastics in the 19th century. Various historical cases that have not yet received attention but are worthy of investigation must be studied.
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