이름을 밝히는 것인가? 거부하는 것인가?: ‘신의 비밀스런 이름’에 비추어본 출애굽기 3:14
Revealing a Divine Name or Refusing to Reveal a Divine Name?: Reexamination of Exodus 3:14 in Light of the Theory of Divine Secret Names.
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이 글은 이집트 및 구약성서에 나타난 신의 비밀스런 이름이라는 주제에 비추어 출애굽기 3:14에 표현된 하나님의 이름에 관한 논쟁을 재해석한다. 신의 비밀스런 이름이라는 주제에서 보아 출애굽기 3:14의 hy<h.a, rv,a] hy<h.a, 는 하나님의 이름을 밝히려는 것보다는 이름을 밝히기를 거부하는 것으로 해석하는 것이 더 적절하다고 결론 내린다. 더 나아가 이 해석을 본문에 대한 YHWH에 대한 언어유희적 측면에서 가지는 의미를 찾는다.
Abstract
This paper seeks to reexamine a serious expression hy<h.a, rv,a] hy<h.a, from Exodus 3:14 in the light of the ‘divine secret name’ motif commonly scattered across ancient Egyptian mythology. The verse has been debated hotly in scholarly circles because it is assumed that it would provide the answer to a debate about an original derivation of YHWH (Tetragrammaton), which is still under discussion. This study is developed upon an analysis of the context of Exodus 3 (chapter 2) and previous studies which are grouped according to those who accepted the verse as revealing YHWH’s name and the others who regarded it as refusal to reveal [not revealing?](chapter 3). It investigates the theme of the divine secret name in an Egyptian myth called ‘The Legend of Isis and the Name of Re’ and two other biblical verses (Gen 32:29; Judg 13:18) (chapter 4). It has been observed that the theme of divine secret names is displayed widely in Egypt and mythologies related to names have been heavily developed. In Egyptian myth, the secret names of the supreme god Ra or Amun is never revealed. It is noteworthy that the theme of divine secret names plays a significant role in constituting the hierarchy of the divine world order in Egypt. A higher god has a secret name by which he or she controls a lower god, and thus a lower god tries to discover the secret name of a higher god. Between the two gods, plot unfolds and struggles occur. The Bible does not accept such a concept in YHWH theology fully, but the motif of a divine secret name is still partly contained. In two theophoric contexts in Genesis 32:29 and Judges 13:18, YHWH did not reveal his true name. Thus it is better interpreted that God refused to reveal his true name. It is believed that God is not controled by such magical use of his name. Accordingly it is concluded that the expression hy<h.a, rv,a] hy<h.a, in Exodus 3:14 is an indirect refusal to reveal YHWH’s name. Instead, it is suggested that the expression needs to be interpreted as a wordplay on YHWH symbolizing the divine presence with Moses and the Israeli people. This study does not resolve all matters regarding Exodus 3:14, but it is proposed that the theme of divine secret names would be added evidence proving the theory of the refusal to reveal YHWH’s name.
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