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유럽연합의 우회방지조치에 관한 연구

A Study On The Anti-Circumvention of EU

김세환
유럽헌법학회|2016.08|유럽헌법연구|제21호|pp. 83-131

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반덤핑조치우회덤핑WTO 반덤핑협정WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement덤핑Dumping비특혜원산지규정CircumventionEU 우회방지조치Anti Dumping measuresNon- Preferrential Rules of OrginEU Anti-Circumvention

초록

우회덤핑이란 반덤핑조치를 회피하기 위한 일련의 과정을 말하며, 이러한 우회덤핑에는 미소변경, 조립공정, 환적, 부정확한 관세의 신고 등을 통한 유형이 있다. EU는 1996년 기본규칙 384/96 제13조에서 우회방지조치를 도입하여 우회덤핑을 규제하여 왔다. 한편 WTO 반덤핑협정에서는 덤핑방지에 관한 사항만을 규정하고 있고 덤핑방지조치를 우회하는 조치에 대해서는 특별히 규정하고 있지 않아 문제이다. 즉 EU의 반덤핑법은 대부분 GATT 및 WTO 규정을 따르고 있으나, 우회방지조치에 대한 규정은 GATT 및 WTO 규정에 명문으로 규정되어 있지 않고 EU가 일방적으로 시행하고 있어서 이들 국제규범과의 합치성여부가 문제된다. 우회방지조치는 GATT 및 WTO 규정에 명문으로 규정되어 있지 않기 때문에 일반적인 반덤핑절차와는 달리 그 적용이 용이하고 그 규정의 해석에 있어서 당국은 폭 넓은 재량을 발휘할 수 있다. 그런데 EU는 우회방지조치를 일방적으로 실시하면서 그 근거를 WTO 각료회의 결정과 WTO 반덤핑협정 제1조, 제18.1조 및 GATT 제20조 (d) 등에서 찾고 있다. 그러나 EU의 우회방지조치가 GATT 및 WTO 반덤핑협정상 인정되고 있는 예외조치가 되기 위해서는, 즉 어떠한 규정의 제정 목적을 달성하기 위해 추가적인 법규가 필요하다고 할 지라도, 그러한 추가적인 법규의 시행에 필요한 협정이 요구하는 조건을 동시에 충족하여야 한다. 이러한 견지에서 EU의 우회방지조치는 GATT 제6조 및 WTO 반덤핑협정에서 명시적으로 요구하는 절차적 및 실제적 조건을 충족하지 못해 협정에서 예정하는 예외조치에 해당되는 것이 아니라 협정에서 금지하는 특별조치에 해당되어 국제규범에 위배된다고 사료된다.

Abstract

Circumvention is a process to evade the anti-dumping measures. The method to evade this circumvention is through minor or slightly modified modifications, assembly operations, transhipments, incorrect customs declarations and so on. EU introduced article 13 of Council Regulation 384/96 in 1996 for Anti-Circumvention. But EU anti-circumvention as a trade defence instrument is not written explicitly in WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement. That is to say, not circumvention clause but only the antidumping measures is expressly stipulated in the GATT Article Ⅵ and the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement. But EU implements unilaterally anti-circumvention interpreting the Decision on Anti-Circumvention of 1993 as allowing WTO Members to deal with the problem unilaterally until a multinational agreement will be adopted. But this article suggests that EU Circumvention is not compatible with WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement, because anti-circumvention measures can only be adopted in full compliance with the procedural and substantive conditions of the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement. And GATT Article ⅩⅩ(d) can't be invoked as a general legal basis for adopting anti-circumvention measures which would deviate from the conditions set forth in Article Ⅵ and WTO Anti-Dumping. And to gain the legitimacy of EU Circumvention is to draw Members' agreement on detailed anti circumvention rules within GATT and WTO System.

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