한국어 화자의 러시아어 이동사건 표현의 어휘화 패턴 습득 양상 연구
A Study of L2 Acquisition of Lexicalization Patterns of Motion Events in Russian by Korean Native Speakers
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본 연구에서는 Talmy(1985; 2000)의 어휘화 유형론에서 동사 틀부여 언어로 분류되는 한국어의 모국어 화자가 위성어 틀부여 언어인 러시아어에서 이동사건의 의미구조를 어휘화하는 방식을 습득할 때 나타나는 모국어 전이 양상을 실험을 통해 고찰하였다. 실험 결과, 두 언어에서 유표 여부 자체가 다른 ‘방향’ 의미요소의 학습이 예측한 대로 어려웠으며, 러시아어에서와 달리 한국어에서 수의적으로 유표되는 ‘양태’ 의미요소의 어휘화 패턴 역시 모국어 전이 효과를 불러일으켰다. 그럼에도 불구하고 ‘양태’ 의미요소의 높은 정답률은 두 언어의 어휘화 패턴 차이를 약화시키는 한국어 양태복합동사의 단일어휘화의 영향으로 설명될 수 있는데, 이는 역설적으로 Talmy식의 유형론적 차이가 언어 습득에 유의미한 차이로 이어질 수 있음을 시사한다. 한편, ‘경로’ 의미요소의 경우 가장 낮은 정답률을 보였는데, 이는 경로가 한국어와 러시아어에서 동사와 위성어로 각각 달리 표현될 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 경로 유형이 상이한 인지적 현저성을 띠고 있기 때문으로 해석될 수 있다.
Abstract
This experimental study examines native language transfer effects in Korean speakers’ acquisition of lexicalization patterns of motion events in Russian, based on Talmy’s (1985; 2000) typological study. Speakers of Korean (a verb-framed language) and Russian (a satellite-framed language) use distinct strategies to encode semantic elements such as Path, Manner, and Direction when describing motion events. The experiments show that Direction, which is not expressed in Korean, is a challenging aspect for Korean speakers to learn. Manner, optionally expressed in Korean, is frequently omitted, and instead, the verbs idti/xodit’ ‘walk’ are employed in place of other Manner verbs as pseudo-generic verbs roughly equivalent to kada ‘go’ and oda ‘come’ in Korean. Path appears to be most difficult to learn among the three semantic elements. This may be either attributed to the typological difference between Korean and Russian regarding how Path is encoded (verb vs. satellite) or to different degrees of cognitive salience of diverse Path types.
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