혁신형 중소기업의 사모주식발행이 R&D 투자에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Private Equity Financing on R&D Investment of Innovative Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
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초록
본 연구는 1999년 1월 1일부터 2011년 12월 31일까지 한국거래소의 코스닥시장에 상장된 혁신형 중소기업을 대상으로 사모주식발행이 R&D 투자에 미치는 영향을 실증분석 하였다. 중소기업청에서는 정책적 목적에서 벤처기업, 이노비즈기업 및 경영혁신형기업을 혁신형 중소기업으로 지정하고 있다. 본 연구의 주요한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 사모주식발행은 R&D 투자에 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치고, 현금자산변화와 운전자본 변화는 R&D 투자에 각각 유의한 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 중소기업이 사모주식발행으로 조달한 자기자본 중에서 일부는 당해 연도의 R&D 투자에 사용하고, 나머지 일부는 현금자산이나 운전자본으로 예비적으로 보유하였다가 다음 연도의 유망한 R&D 투자에 사용함을 의미한다. 그러나 사모주식발행이 혁신형 중소기업의 R&D 투자에는 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 비혁신형 중소기업에는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 R&D 투자를 자산처리 R&D 투자와 비용처리 R&D 투자로 구분하여 추가적으로 분석한 결과, 혁신형 중소기업의 경우에는 사모주식발행이 자산처리 R&D 투자와 비용처리 R&D 투자에 각각 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 비혁신형 중소기업에는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 한국거래소의 코스닥시장에 상장된 중소기업은 비대칭정보가 존재할 경우에 R&D 투자자본을 조달하기 위하여 사모주식발행을 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이, 혁신형 중소기업은 비혁신형 중소기업보다 R&D 투자자본을 조달하기 위하여 사모주식발행을 더 많이 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 벤처기업, 이노비즈기업, 경영혁신형기업과 같은 혁신형 중소기업이 사모주식발행을 통하여 R&D 투자자본을 효과적으로 조달할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 R&D 투자를 촉진할 수 있다는 정책적 시사점을 제시한다.
Abstract
In this paper, we analyse empirically the effect of private equity financing on R&D investment of innovative small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) listed on Kosdaq Market of Korea Exchange. Korea Small and Medium Business Administration (SMBA) designates venture business, innobiz firms, and management innovative firms as innovative SMEs for policy purpose. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. Private equity financing has a positive and significant effect on R&D investment, and cash asset change and working capital change have negative and significant effects on R&D investment. This implies that SMEs use part of private equity financing for current R&D investment, and hold remaining part of private equity financing as ‘precautionary' cash asset and working capital until promising R&D investment opportunities will be found, and ultimately use large part of private equity financing for future R&D investment. However, private equity financing has a positive and significant effect on R&D investment of innovative SMEs, while it is insignificant for non-innovative ones. Moreover, private equity financing has a positive and significant effect on both asset-counted R&D investment and cost-counted R&D investment of innovative SMEs, while it is insignificant for non-innovative ones. Asset-counted R&D investment is counted as the intangible assets in the balance sheet, while cost-counted R&D investment is counted as the current expenses in the income statement. The intangible assets created by asset-counted R&D investment may act as an innovative driver that can have a greater multiplier effect on the firm value than the tangible assets. In conclusion, this paper shows evidence that SMEs use private equity financing to fund R&D investment in the existence of the asymmetric information. Moreover, innovative SMEs use more private equity financing to fund R&D investment than non-innovative ones. These findings suggest a new policy implication into how private equity financing can be particularly valuable to promote R&D investment of innovative SMEs such as venture business, innobiz firms, and management innovative firms.
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