국가자격체계의 국제비교 고찰과 시사점
A Cross-National Comparative Study of National Qualification Frameworks and the Policy Implications for Korea
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본 연구는 독일, 프랑스, 영국과 호주의 국가자격체계를 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 정책적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 세계적인 추세에 부응하고 산학을 연계하는 메커니즘으로서 자격의 기능을 활성화하기 위해서 국가자격체계를 설계하고 도입하여야 한다. 둘째, 교육훈련에 대한 산업계의 역할을 높여온 것도 세계적인 추세이다. 숙련개발을 위한 섹터카운슬을 제도화하고 국가자격체계의 참여적 거버넌스를 구축하기 위한 정책적 노력이 강화되어야 한다. 셋째, 우리나라는 국가적인 수준에서는 교육훈련부문의 통합성을 높이고 질을 관리하는 교량적 국가자격체계를 설계하는 것이 현실적이다. 넷째, 자격의 규모를 다원화하는 방식은 자격의 투명성을 떨어뜨리고 국가자격체계를 관리하는 행정적 부담을 늘릴 것이다. 프랑스나 독일과 같은 완전한 자격을 중심으로 국가자격체계를 운영하는 방식이 바람직하다. 다섯째, 대다수의 선진국에서와 같이 국가적인 수준에서 자격체계를 관리하는 중앙기구를 설치하여야 한다. 여섯 번째, 숙련개발체제는 국가자격체계의 설계에 영향을 미치는 제도적 보완성을 갖는다. 제도적 여건을 고려하여 국가자격체계를 설계하여야 할 것이다. 일곱 번째, 정부의 전략적 선택도 국가자격체계를 설계하는 핵심적인 변수의 하나이다. 개발국가모형의 숙련개발체제인 우리나라는 정부의 전략적 선택이 중요한 변수이다.
Abstract
This study reviews comparatively the national qualification frameworks(NQFs) of Germany, France, England and Australia and suggests policy implications for Korea as follows. First, NQF of Korea should be introduced as a part of integrative skills strategies. Second, the public support to establish the participative governance of qualification frameworks should be strengthened. Third, it is a realistic measure to introduce a bridging framework of NQF where NQF takes the coordination and integrating roles. Fourth, unit-based approach as of organizing framework may increase the bureaucratic burdens, it is desirable to be based on full-qualification principle and enhance flexibility through adjusting qualification requisites, using modules and partial qualification of industrial sectors like France, Fifth, it is normal international practice for the management of the NQF to be assigned to an apex body. Sixth, we need to consider institutional complementarity to design the NQF of Korea. Finally, in the state-led system of Korea the strategic choice of government will be the cornerstone to break through the institutional difficulties.
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