숙련개발체제와 숙련개발을 위한 사회적 파트너십: 서구선진국의 경험과 시사점
Skill Formation Systems and the Social Partnership Approaches of Western European Countries and the Policy Implications for Korea
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지식정보화와 아울러 고등교육의 대중화가 진전되면서 우리나라의 국가주도 숙련개발체제는 숙련의 공급과 수요를 관리하는 양 측면에서 모두 많은 문제점을 드러내 왔다. 본 연구는 서유럽의 숙련개발체제와 숙련개발을 위한 사회적 파트너십을 살펴보고 우리나라의 국가주도 숙련개발체제의 개혁을 위한 다음과 같은 정책적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 지위경쟁에 따른 과잉교육과 인력수급의 왜곡을 완화하여 나가는 것이 우리나라 숙련개발정책의 핵심적인 과제이다. 직업교육에 대한 높은 사회적인 수요를 토대로 고숙련 균형을 이루고 있는 서유럽 조합주의 모형의 숙련개발체제가 귀감이 될 것이다. 노동시장․노사관계체제와 숙련개발체제를 연계하여 우리나라의 여건에 부응하는 고숙련사회를 구축하여나가야 한다. 둘째, 숙련개발을 위한 파트너십은 숙련개발의 효율성을 높일 뿐만 아니라 노사관계의 구조적인 발전에 기여할 수 있는 과제이다. 숙련개발과 노사관계체제를 개혁하기 위한 전략적인 과제로 추진하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 셋째, 숙련개발 파트너십은 숙련개발과 노사관계체제에 따라 다양한 형태로 나타나고 있다. 사회적인 수준에서의 제도화와 아울러 산업현장 수준에서의 협력프로그램의 확산을 함께 추구하는 방식으로 다각적으로 접근하여 나가는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 넷째, 서유럽의 경우 숙련개발 파트너십은 노동운동이 관련 정책에 참여할 수 있는 기회를 넓히고 노동조합의 조직화에 기여하는 과제로서 노동조합이 적극적으로 추구하여 왔다. 우리나라도 노동운동의 적극적인 대응이 요구된다. 마지막으로 숙련개발 파트너십이 소기의 성과를 거두기 위해서는 참여하는 노사의 전문 역량이 뒷받침되어야 한다. ‘학습파트너십에 참여하기 위한 숙련’의 개발이 시급한 과제라고 할 수 있다. 숙련개발 파트너십을 위한 정부의 정책적 의지와 정책개발 역량의 강화도 또한 중요한 과제이다.
Abstract
The state-led model of skill formation system of Korea has revealed lots of problems at both sides of skill supply and demand as the knowledge-based and information-intensive society has evolved. This study reviews the skill formation systems and the partnership approaches of western European countries and suggests policy implications for Korea as follow. First, over-education and positional competition should be considered seriously. The corporatist model of skill formation system provides good practices leading to the high skill equilibrium based on high social demand for vocational education and training. A comprehensive approach with long-term prospects should be carried out integrating reforms of skill formation system with reforms of labour market and industrial relations systems. Second, The social partnerships for skill contribute to the reformulation of industrial relations systems along with enhancing the efficiency of skill formation. It is desirable to take the policy of social partnerships of skills as a strategic measure to develop both systems of industrial relations and skill formation. Third, there are diverse forms of approaches of social partnerships of skill. Diversified partnerships should be pursued including institutionalization through legislation, meso-level concertation and firm-level micro-corporatism. Firth, social partnership for skill has been taken as a core program for labour union revitalization in western European countries. It provides also a good lesson for the side of labour movement of Korea. Finally, 'skills for participation' of labour unions and employers should be developed. Political will and resources of government should be also important.
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