본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

미국에서 논쟁 수업을 둘러싼 논의 -민주주의 시민교육과의 관련성을 중심으로-

The discussion of teaching controversial historical issues in the United States.

김진아
한국역사교육학회 (The Korean Association of History Education)|2019.07|역사교육연구 (Studies on History Education)|제34호|pp. 47-91|DOI 10.16976/kahe.2019..34.47

0

조회

0

다운로드

11

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

미국democratic citizenship educationthe United States of America역사교육social studies educationhistory education사회과 교육논쟁 수업논쟁적 역사 주제민주주의 시민교육controversy in the classroomcontroversial historical issues

초록

논쟁 수업에 대한 국내 학계의 관심에 발맞추어 미국에서는 논쟁 수업을 둘러싸고 어떠한 논의들이 이루어지고 있는지 살펴보았다. 역사 교과의 논쟁 수업에 관해서는 다양한 화두들이 존재하지만, 이 논문에서는 그러한 화두의 가장 밑바탕이 되는 1) 논쟁 수업의 정당성에 대한 논의, 그리고 2) 논쟁적 주제를 정의하는 문제를 둘러싼 논의에 집중하였다. 관련 문헌들을 종합적으로 검토한 결과 미국의 역사교육에서는 논쟁 수업이 민주주의 시민교육의 한 방법으로서, 그리고 역사학의 본질을 제대로 살린 교육 방법으로서 옹호받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 과연 무엇이 논쟁적 역사 주제인지를 결정하는 문제는 정치 권력과 사회적 담론, 이데올로기 등을 반영하기 때문에 그 자체로서 매우 논쟁적이라는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 사회 교과와 확연히 구분되는 역사 교과의 논쟁적 주제에 대한 명확한 정의를 찾기 힘들었고, 논쟁적 역사 주제에 대한 정의 또한 각 사회의 맥락에 따라 달라진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다른 나라에서 진행되고 있는 논의를 살펴봄으로써 현재 한국 역사교육에서 논의되고 또 실천되고 있는 논쟁 수업의 지형을 한걸음 떨어져 조망해 보는 기회가 되기를 기대한다.

Abstract

Recently, as history educators in Korea have focused on teaching controversial issues, I investigated how/what the U.S. scholars discussed about teaching controversial issues in the history classroom. Despite a variety of topics surrounding these areas, I particularly focused on 1) the rationales for teaching controversy, and 2) the definitions of “controversial historical issues”, which could be the fundamental ground for expanding discussion about teaching controversial issues in Korea. As for the rationales, I found that teaching controversial historical issues in the U.S. is valued as an effective way for democratic citizenship education. I also found that the U.S. scholars have argued that teaching controversial historical issues closely reflects the discipline of history. The definition of a controversial historical issue, however, was highly debatable, because the viewpoint of whether one topic is controversial or not is deeply related to political power, ideologies, and social discourses in specific situations. Moreover, history educators’ definitions of controversial historical issues vary depending on specific political and social settings. By focusing on major discussions in the U.S., I hope that history educators in Korea compare and contrast different layers of discussions surrounding teaching controversial historical issues in Korea and other countries, and then clearly grasp particular aspects in Korea.

참고문헌 (58)

  1. 강화정, "논쟁적 역사수업’의 구성 원리와 실천 방안", 역사와 교육, 14 (2016)
  2. 강화정, "논쟁 재연’ 방식의 토론식 역사 수업 사례연구: 7대 대통령 선거, 누구를선택할 것인가", 역사와 교육, 15 (2017)
  3. 김육훈, "국정화 논란을 넘어 대화와 토론이 있는 수업으로", 역사와 교육, 14 (2016)
  4. 김한종, "역사수업의 원리" (2007), 책과함께
  5. 손석영, "논쟁적 역사수업, 어떤 가치를 담을까? -역사수업, 마침표 대신 물음표를 던지다-", 역사와교육, (25), pp.237~273 (2017), 역사와교육학회
  6. 송상헌, "역사교육의 이론" (2009), 책과함께
  7. 이동기, "현대사 몽타주: 발견과 전복의 역사" (2018), 돌베개
  8. 이동욱, "‘논쟁성’에 기초한 근현대사 수업 사례 – 고등학교 <한국사> 토론 수업을 중심으로 –", 역사교육, (141), pp.221~234 (2017), 역사교육연구회[DOI]
  9. 이해영, "민주주의 관점으로 구성한 역사수업 탐색", 역사교육연구, (21), pp.141~180 (2015), 한국역사교육학회[DOI]
  10. 임병철, "역사교과서 국정화 논쟁, 그 이후?", 역사교육연구, (24), pp.255~290 (2016), 한국역사교육학회[DOI]
  11. 임병철, "역사 없는 역사교육 - 갈림길 위의 역사교육학을 위한 제언 -", 역사교육연구, (31), pp.401~434 (2018), 한국역사교육학회[DOI]
  12. 최상훈, "역사교육과 역사인식" (2005), 책과함께
  13. Keith Barton, "역사는 왜 가르쳐야 하는가: 민주시민을 키우는 새로운 역사교육" (2017), 역사비평사
  14. Alan McCully, "Teaching Controversial Issues in a Divided Society: Learning from Northern Ireland", Prospero, 11(4) (2005)
  15. Alina Reznitskaya, "Collaborative Reasoning: A Dialogic Approach to Group Discussions", Cambridge Journal of Education, 39(1) (2009)
  16. Amanda Vickery, "You Excluded Us for so Long and Now You Want Us to be Patriotic?’: African American Women Teachers Navigating the Quandary of Citizenship", Theory & Research in Social Education, 45(3) (2017)
  17. Anna Ochoa, "Censorship: Does Anybody Care", Social Education, 43 (1979)
  18. Bryon Massialas, "Inquiry in Social Studies" (1966), McGraw-Hill
  19. Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement, "The Civic Mission of Schools" (2003), Carnegie Corporation of New York
  20. Christopher Martell, "Race and Histories: Examining Culturally Relevant Teaching in the U.S. History Classroom", Theory & Research in Social Education, 41(1) (2013)
  21. Cinthia Salinas, "Disrupting the Official Curriculum: Cultural Biography and the Curriculum Decision Making of Latino Preservice Teachers", Theory & Research in Social Education, 38(3) (2012)
  22. David Johnson, "Critical Thinking through Structured Controversy", Educational Leadership, 45(8) (1988)
  23. Diana Hess, "Controversy in the Classroom: The Democratic Power of Discussion" (2009), Routledge
  24. Diana Hess, "The Political Classroom: Evidence and Ethics in Democratic Education" (2014), Routledge
  25. Diana Hess, "Handbook of Research in Social Studies Education" (2008), Routledge
  26. Donald Oliver, "Teaching Public Issues in the High School" (1966), Utah State University Press
  27. Fred Newmann, "Education for Citizen Action: Challenge for Secondary Curriculum" (1975), McCutchin
  28. Fred Newmann, "Clarifying Public Controversy: An Approach to Teaching Social Studies" (1970), Little Brown
  29. Gloria Ladson-Billings, "Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education", Teachers College Records, 97(4) (1995)
  30. Richard H. Milner, "Culturally Relevant, Purpose-Driven Learning & Teaching in a Middle School Social Studies Classroom", Multicultural Education, 21(2) (2014)
  31. James Banks, "The Lives and Values of Researchers: Implications for Educating Citizens in a Multicultural Society", Educational Researcher, 27(7) (1998)
  32. Jane Mansbridge, "Higher Education and the Practice of Democratic Politics: A Political Education Reader" (1991), Kettering Foundation
  33. John Dewey, "The Later Works of John Dewey, 1925-1953" (1986), Southern Illinois University Press
  34. Keith Barton, "Contemporary Social Studies: An Essential Reader" (2011), Information Age Publishing
  35. Keith Barton, "Trying to ‘See Things Differently’: Northern Ireland Students’ Struggle to Understand Alternative Historical Perspectives", Theory and Research in Social Education, 40(4) (2012)
  36. LaGarrett King, "Once a Year to be Black: Fighting against Typical Black History Month Pedagogies", Negro Educational Review, 65 (2014)
  37. Linda Levstik, "Knowing, Teaching, and Learning History: National and International Perspectives" (2000), New York University Press
  38. Mark Felton, "From Dialogue to Two-Sided Argument:Scaffolding Adolescents’ Persuasive Writing", Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 47(8) (2004)
  39. Maurice Hunt, "Teaching High School Social Studies: Problems in Reflective Thinking and Social Understanding" (1955), Harper and Brothers
  40. Michalinos Zembylas, "The Teaching of Controversial Issues during Elementary-Level History Instruction: Greek-Cypriot Teachers’ Perceptions and Emotions", Theory and Research in Social Education, 40(2) (2012)
  41. Peter Lee, "Teaching history" (1994), Routledge
  42. Robert Barr, "Defining the Social Studies" (1977), National Council for the Social Studies
  43. Robert Dearden, "Controversial Issues and the Curriculum", Journal of Curriculum Studies, 13(1) (1981)
  44. Robert Stradling, "The Teaching of Controversial Issues: An Evaluation", Educational Review, 36(2) (1984)
  45. Ronald Evans, "Handbook on Teaching Social Issues" (2004), National Council for the Social Studies
  46. Sam Wineburg, "Reading Like a Historian:Teaching Literacy in Middle and High School History Classrooms" (2012), Teachers College Press
  47. Shirley Engle, "A Design for Social Education in the Open Curriculum" (1972), Harper & Row
  48. Shirley Engle, "The Role of Education in Free Government: The American Way of Life in the Republic of the United States" (1959), Indiana Department of Public Instruction
  49. Shirley Engle, "Education for Democratic Citizenship: Decision Making in the Social studies" (1988), Teachers College
  50. Stéphene Lévesque, "Thinking Historically: Educating Students for the Twenty-first Century" (2008), University of Toronto Press
  51. Steven Camicia, "Deciding What is a Controversial Issue: A Case Study of Social Studies Curriculum Controversy", Theory and Research in Social Education, 36(4) (2008)
  52. Stuart Foster, "Controversial History Education in Asian Contexts" (2018), Routledge
  53. Thomas Misco, "We Did Also Save People’: A Study of Holocaust Education in Romania after Decades of Historical Silence", Theory and Research in Social Education, 36(2) (2008)
  54. Tsafrir Goldberg, "The Wiley International Handbook of History Teaching and Learning" (2018), Wiley-Blackwell
  55. Walter Parker, "Teaching Democracy: Unity and Diversity in Public Life" (2003), Teachers College Press
  56. "Stanford History Education Group"[URL]
  57. "New Deal SAC"[URL]
  58. "Reacting to the Past"[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

논쟁성에 기반한 역사 수업과 역사교실의 변화강화정한국역사교육학회 · 역사교육연구2020 · 제38호논쟁 이슈 교수ㆍ학습에서 교사의 역할추병완한국윤리학회 · 倫理硏究2020 · 제1권 제129호논쟁성을 살리는 역사교과서 서술 체제 탐색김육훈한국역사교육학회 · 역사교육연구2022 · 제43호공공쟁점 토론학습에서 논쟁성의 실천적 의미: 쟁점의 논쟁성과 사회과 교사의 역할 지향성 관계오연주한국사회과교육학회 · 시민교육연구2014 · 제46권 제2호역사과 민주시민 교육의 성과와 과제 - 2007개정 교육과정 이후 ‘한국사’ 영역을 중심으로문경호교과교육연구소 · 교과교육학연구2021 · 제25권 제5호민주주의 요소로 본 역사교육 내용 선정 원리황현정한국역사교육학회 · 역사교육연구2014 · 제20호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (5건)

역사교육에서 학술 논쟁의 교육적 함의송상헌pp. 7-45한국사 교과서의 조선후기 서술과 내재적 발전론임성수pp. 93-132초등 사회(역사 영역) 교과서 질문 현황 및 질문에 대한 초등학생의 반응 분석 연구이미미pp. 133-179뤼젠(Rüsen)의 역사의식 학습의 네 가지 형태이병련pp. 181-223시민교육 관점에서 본 스웨덴 역사교육과정이해영pp. 225-259
원문 보기