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민주주의와 인권법학방법론

Methodology of Progressive Human Rights Scholarship

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민주주의법학연구회 (Democratic Legal Studies Association(Delsa))|2009.11|민주법학 (Democratic Legal Studies)|제41호|pp. 73-109|DOI 10.15756/dls.2009..41.73

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참고문헌

키워드

인권Human Rights인권의 정치급진민주주의Radical Democracy맑스의 권리비판인권법학방법론Marxian Critique of RightsMethodology of Human Rights ScholarshipPolitics of Human Rights
주제분류법학

초록

진보법학은 자본주의 체제를 정당화하는 주류법학을 비판하고, 평등에 기초하여 좋은 사회를 추구한다. 인권법학이 진보법학으로서 소임을 수행하기 위해서는 다음의 인식과 전제들이 요구된다. 첫째, 인권은 추상적 이념이 아니라 역사적ㆍ사회적 형성물이다. 둘째, 인권은 소극적으로는 약자들의 유토피아이며, 권력의 압제를 인식하는 틀이다. 셋째, 인권 또는 ‘평등’ 인권은 급진 정치와 급진적 민주주의에서 불가결한 거점이다. 넷째, 인권의 요구는 특정한 시대와 체제에 국한되지 않는다. 다섯째, 맑스의 권리비판은 자본주의 체제에 대한 비판적 기획으로서 가치를 가진다. 여섯째, 맑스주의 이외에도 자유주의 법학을 극복하려는 진보적 경향들이 존재한다. 일곱째, 보다 인간적인 사회, 더 좋은 사회에 대한 도덕적 비전을 간직할 때에만 진보법학이 가능하다.

Abstract

‘Democratic Legal Studies Association(DELSA)’ has not formed a moral comprehensive project or vision for a good society, although it has been making remarkable contributions to human rights movement or public interest law movements for the last 20 years. This essay aims at tackling the methodological premises and tasks of progressive human rights scholarship. As for the Marxian approach to human rights, it is clear that Marx was highly sceptical of the emancipatory function of human rights for some reasons. On the contrary, political struggles for human rights seem to him to foster ultimately the class oppression and domination, for rights are but ideological form of capitalist society and are embedded in the capitalist society. Further, human rights do not play a significant role in the transition from capitalism to communism and in forming the human relations in the communist society. But Marxian critiques of rights need reinterpreting in consideration of the collapse of East European socialist regimes, and contemporary radical democracy or radical politics of human rights in the Western liberal societies. Therefrom follows a conclusion that no humane society is without realization of human rights and simultaneously, no humane society is without social or economic liberation. For human rights undoubtedly have intrinsic values. The main task of progressive human rights scholars is to find access to a good society without violating human rights. Progressive human rights scholarship has to disclose the diverse contradictions of capitalist society and cryptic politics of mainstream liberal legalism. Human Rights scholars ought to overcome the legalism, dogmatism, elitism and fetishism of rights by keeping close contact with the human rights movements. Some post-marxists or critical theoreticians successfully demonstrate that politics of human rights is a good avenue to a good society. Human rights scholars ought to be more conscious of the interaction between human rights and politics for human liberation, and willingly accept the different methodological tendencies from the non-mainstream jurisprudence of social science so as to overcome the world view of liberal legalism.

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