명사술어문의 시제에 관한 연구

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to investigate the past tense of noun-predicate sentences from a perspective of temporal localization. Main arguments are as follows:First, tense of noun-predicate sentences is determined in two ways: in accordance with speech of time as in verbal-predicated sentences and from the speaker’s point of view. In the latter case, past forms can be substituted by non-past forms depending on whether the speaker notes the judgement of the present or the modal meaning of the past. In the former case where the tense of noun-predicate sentences is determined by speech of time, verbal-noun predicate sentences behave like verbal-predicate sentences; however, in the usage of non-past forms, they are slightly different from other noun-predicate sentences like statal noun-predicate sentences. Namely, the non-past forms of non verbal-noun predicate sentences (e.g., statal noun-predicate sentences) function as present markers while verbal-predicate sentences do not. Lastly, in cases of verbal nouns or statal noun-predicate sentences which reveal temporal localization, tense is simply determined in accordance with speech of time. However, there are some exceptional cases where tense of nouns or noun-predicates lack of temporal localization is also determined by speech of time. For example, in the case of characteristic nouns lack of temporal localization, tense can be determined by speech of time under the following conditions: (i) they are property nouns, essence nouns or relative nouns; (ii) they are compound predicates; (iii) they contains long-term time adverbs; (iv) they are quantity nouns.