『대승기신론』을 읽어온 문헌학과 교학의 시선들 - 『대승기신론』의 성립을 둘러싼 논의의 진전 혹은 성립논쟁의 탈피를 위한 -

Abstract

This article purports to investigate the history of research about The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana with reference to the discussions about the composition of the work, mainly in order to clarify the necessity of a new perspective and methodological approach. The history of research about The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana can be divided into two trends, one being the former traditional doctrinal approach focused upon the history of commentaries and the other being the later textual criticism, on the basis of the period when the Japanese academia introduced the methodology of research-based upon modern textual criticism. While the two approaches have been mixed generally in actual researches, they can be distinguished by the priority of one approach. Between the two, the traditional doctrinal approach in East Asian Buddhism is mainly informed by commentary works, mostly limited by reading the work on the basis of the doctrinal frame of each sect. Textual criticism, however, is also limited by overemphasizing the similarity of terms and usages to the extent that the identification of doctrinal trends is judged by the similarity. Recently, new methodologies are being proposed in studying The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana, basing itself on both of the two approaches and suggesting a uniquely new perspective. Firstly, Tae-won Park’s approach is noteworthy in developing Wonhyo’s methodology of reading, which is visible in his Separate Commentary on The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana, and applying it to reading not only the work itself but also other Buddhist scriptures in general. He argues for the reading of the work by the frame of so-called ‘gates’ or dependent arising in the line of conditioned causality. Oda Akihiro interprets the causality in the scriptures preceding The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana in the frame of thinking structure by causality, by which he points out that The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana is based upon the Nirvana Sutra and the Srimala Sutra as well as upon the Yogacara thought, yet its thinking structure of causality overcoming that of the Tathagatagarbha thought and the Yogacara thought. This article suggests a balance between philosophical and doctrinal reading, in that Tae-won Park’s approach can be applied to reading the conceptual levels inside The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana and in that the doctrinal identification of it with other preceding scriptures can be investigated by reading the core thinking structure on the basis of causality according to Oda Akihiro. And the discussion on The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana can be settled only when the purposes of disputants’ writings on The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana are premised. In order to present the standpoint of this article, the section on positing the meaning ( ⽴義分 ) is dealt with at the end of it.