빈곤누적위험과 청년층의 자살행동의 관계: 비자살적 자해와 습득된 자살잠재력의 순차매개효과
The Association between Poverty-Related Cumulative Risk and Suicidal Behavior in Early Adulthood: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Acquired Capability for Suicide as Sequential Mediators
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 빈곤이 상대적 빈곤층에 속하는 청년의 자살행동에 미치는 영향을 규명하고, 그 경로에서 비자살적 자해와 습득된 자살잠재력의 역할을 검증하고자 하였다. 이때 빈곤 환경에 존재하는 다양한 위험요인에 누적위험모델(cumulative risk model)을 적용하여, 청년의 자살행동에 대한 빈곤의 다차원적인 영향을 빈곤 측정치에 반영하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 온라인 조사업체를 통해 가구소득이 2022년 한국 기준중위소득의 60%(개인회생 최저생계비) 미만인 만 19세 이상 34세 이하의 청년 544명(남성 242명, 여성 302명)을 표집하여 빈곤누적위험, 비자살적 자해, 습득된 자살잠재력, 자살생각과 자살시도를 측정하였다. 빈곤누적위험은 가구소득, 교육수준, 고용 상태, 주거 환경, 가족 갈등 및 사회적 지지에 대한 청년의 응답을 기반으로 산출되었다. 분석 결과, 빈곤누적위험은 청년의 자살생각 및 자살시도를 유의하게 예측하였으며, 이러한 경로에서 비자살적 자해의 단순매개효과는 유의하였으나, 습득된 자살잠재력의 단순매개효과는 유의하지 않았다. 나아가 빈곤누적위험과 청년층의 자살행동 간의 관계에서 비자살적 자해와 습득된 자살잠재력의 유의한 순차매개효과가 관찰되었다. 구체적으로, 빈곤 환경에서 더 많은 위험인자를 경험할수록 비자살적 자해를 더 빈번히 보임으로써 습득된 자살잠재력의 수준이 상승하여 자살행동에 이를 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 빈곤이 상대적 빈곤층에 속한 청년의 자살행동에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 작용하는 개인 내적 기제를 확인함으로써 자살행동에 대한 환경적 위험요인과 개인 내적 위험요인의 영향을 통합적으로 검증하였다는 학술적 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The study aimed to determine whether poverty-related cumulative risk, which includes various risk factors associated with poverty, can predict suicidal behavior in young adults during early adulthood. We also examined how non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and the acquired capability for suicide play a sequential mediating role in this process. We recruited a total of 544 adults (302 females, 242 males) whose household income in 2022 was below 60% of the Korean base median income. Participants completed online self-report questionnaires that assessed poverty-related cumulative risk, including household income, educational attainment, occupational status, housing environment, family conflict, and social support. Additionally, participants provided information on NSSI, the acquired capability, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. We analyzed the data using hierarchical regression and the SPSS Process Macro. The results showed that poverty-related cumulative risk significantly predicted suicidal behavior, and this association was sequentially mediated by NSSI and the acquired capability for suicide. This study contributes to the literature by revealing the underlying mechanisms through which multidimensional poverty can influence suicidal behavior and highlights NSSI and the acquired capability for suicide as potential targets for intervention.
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