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다양한 사회 집단의 입장에서의 암묵적 연합의 측정

Measuring Implicit Associations from Perspectives of Various Social Groups

이향수|박영옥|박상희|김현정
한국인지및생물심리학회 (Korean Society For Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|2015.07|한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 (Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|제27권 제3호|pp. 451-479|DOI 10.22172/cogbio.2015.27.3.006

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참고문헌

키워드

편견prejudice암묵적 연합자동적 과정집단간 편향implicit associationautomatic processesintergroup bias
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 자신이 아닌 다른 사람들의 입장에서 다양한 사회적 범주들에 대한 선호의 암묵적 연합(“암묵적 메타 태도”)이 존재하는지를 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 이 연구에서는 한국인 대학생들을 참가자로 하여 특정 외집단(흑인 또는 백인 집단)의 구성원들이 자신들의 내집단과 외집단에 가질 것으로 예상되는 선호에 대한 암묵적인 연합들을 측정하고 이 측정들을 서로 비교하였다. 암묵적 연합의 측정을 위해 연구 1에서는 암묵적 연합 검사를 변형한 과제를 사용하여 참가자들이 흑인과 백인 집단에 대해 자신이 가지고 있는, 또는 전형적인 흑인 또는 전형적인 백인이 가지고 있을 것으로 예상되는 선호를 측정하였다. 연구 2에서는 단축형 암묵적 연합 검사를 변형한 과제를 사용하여 본인, 흑인, 백인 입장에서의 세 가지 연합을 각 참가자로부터 모두 측정하였으며, 아울러 각각에 대응하는 외현적 신념도 측정하였다. 연구 결과 예측한 바와 같이 흑인 또는 백인의 입장에서 측정한 암묵적 연합은 해당 집단에게 우호적인 쪽으로 편향이 나타남이 확인되었다. 본인의 입장에서 측정한 암묵적 연합은 흑인/백인 입장에서 측정한 것들 사이에 위치하였다. 외현적 태도와의 관계는 일관적으로 나타나지 않았다. 이 연구에서는 본인이 속하지 않은 사회적 범주의 입장에서도 타 집단에 대한 선호의 암묵적 연합이 표상되어 측정될 수 있음을 보였다.

Abstract

We examined whether there exist implicit associations of preferences from perspectives of nonself people toward various social categories (“implicit meta-attitude”). Using Korean undergraduate participants we measured implicit associations about the attitudes that members of specific outgroups (Black or White racial groups) are expected to have towards their ingroup or an outgroup and compared these measures with each other. To measure implicit associations, we used a modified Implicit Association Test in Study 1, and a modified Brief Implicit Association Test in Study 2. In Study 1, we measured the implicit associations that participants themselves have, or a typical Black or White person would have, toward Black or White racial groups. In Study 2 we measured all these three kinds of associations from same participants as well as their explicit counterparts. Supporting our prediction, implicit associations from the perspectives of a Black or a White person were comparatively more favorable to the respective ingroup; the association measured from the self’s perspective fell between these two. Relationships with explicit attitudes did not show a consistent pattern. We demonstrated that implicit associations from perspectives of social categories one does not belong to can be mentally represented and measured.

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