17세기 丹城縣 엘리트의 조직 형성과 인적네트워크: 丹城鄕案을 중심으로

Abstract

The organization of the Community Compact was led by the local elites. The government officials who passed the state examination in pre-modernKorea and China were political elites who served their states based on theirmastery of Confucian knowledge, not based on the hereditary succession ofpower. They were the elites who proved themselves through self-cultivationin Confucian learning, in passing the state examinations, and theperformance rating system at stated intervals. Passing the state examinationguaranteed officials status; as a result, the number of applicants increasedsteeply. In the process, the higher elite status was divided into two groups;the government official group who had passed the examination, and thegroup that failed to pass the examination. The latter group continued theirConfucian learning to sustain their high social status. Because they hadresponsibility for local public affairs, their status was recognized by thepeople. They expanded their influence on local societies even though theywere not formally in the government. Gradually, they were certified by thestate as informal rulers of the people in a local society. Not like China, in Korea, the majority of the local elites were Confucianscholars who raised an army in the case of justice for crisis of the state. Among 25 members of organizers, the local elites who were related to thearmy in the case of justice in the Danseong were 68%. This was aprecondition to participate an organization. Besides, there were special aspects to make an organization in the Danseong. The condition was related to the Danseong and the centralgovernment. In the Danseng, the place was very much damaged by remainedJapanese army after Japanese invention of Korea. Because of this, the placewas merged into a neighboring village, the Sancheong(山淸). In 1613, theelites of the Danseong petitioned the central government for restoration. They were organizers. In the central government, Chong On(鄭蘊, 1569-1641) who had been acentral pupil in the Nammyeong Schools had indicated some of politicalproblem. Because of his instance, he went into exile. The Yeongnam area(嶺南地域) elites spread out solidarity appeal movement for Chong On. Theleaders of the movement were the Danseong elites. They had started todiscuss the problem. Among these, some of people went in Seoul, and cameback around threat and advice. They were 6 members of 25 the organizer. These conditions caused them to invent the organization in the Danseongin 16021. They want to insist their own opinion to the central governmentand to become accepted to the local people as the Danseong represents. Therefore they recruit to invent the organization. The qualification must tobe appropriate for beforehand conditions. This was direct and indirectparticipation of an army in the case of justice for war, Schools, paternal lineand marriage network. In participation of an army in the case of justice during Japanese Invasionof Korea (1592-99), the many of organizers were direct and indirectparticipants. These indirect participants came in the organization instead oftheir father and brothers who had dead in the war. The participation ofrighteous army was caused to invent the organization and deeply related tothe schools. Nammyeong Cho Sik(曹植, 1501-1572) informed schoolsnetwork in Gyeonsangdo(慶尙道) where included the Dangseong. TheNammyeong Schools aggressively cope with crisis of the state. In Schools,they were 56% Nammyeong Schools. Direct learned disciple from Cho Sikwas only one, the other served disciple who direct learned from Cho Sik asone’s master. In marriage, 25 organizers got married to each other. If somedid not appear in righteous army or schools, they would relate to marriage. Therefore rate of marriage was higher than schools. Among 25 organizers, main organizers were the elites to lead in issue ofthe political problem. The organization was invented by them. Networkwhich they mobilized was schools and marriage.