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동북아체제구조 측면에서 본 한국의 ‘동북아중재자’ 역할

The possible role of South Korea as a mediator in view of the system structure of Northeast Asia

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주제분류정치외교학

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Abstract

This paper reviews the possibility of the balancer role by South Korea in Northeast Asia and argues that the country can play the balancer role if the role is confined to a mediating role in Northeast Asia. Since the South Korean president Roh Moo Hyun announced in early 2005 that the government would adopt the policy pursuit toward "balancer" role in Northeast Asia, there appeared a widespread concern that such a policy was inappropriate given the nation's position in Northeast Asia and would only be problematic for relationship with the United States. Critics argued that Seoul can not play the role of an independent arbitrator, i.e., "balancer" in Northeast Asia, saying that a self-proclaimed balancer without corresponding power can be little more than a regional orphan. However, the adoption of a joint statement in September 2005 by the six parties in the talks to resolve the North Korean nuclear crisis offered a possibility that South Korea can play an important role in shaping international politics in Northeast Asia. South Korea successfully played the role of a mediator in forging out the joint statement by the six countries. This paper investigates the possibility of the balancer role by South Korea and argues that the country can play the balancer role as long as the role is confined to a mediating role in Northeast Asia. The role of a genuine balancer - that is, the role of a regulator in Northeast Asia can be played only by the United States which serves not only as a deterrent to another conflict in the Korean peninsula but as a balancer to check the rise of China's hegemony, Japan's militarism and a possible revival of Russia's expansionism. This paper justifies the mediating role of South Korea in view of the unique aspect of bi-multipolarity in the system structure of North East Asia.

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