意见裁判主义的词源学互证分析
The Etymological Analysis of Mutual Proof on Opinion-judging Doctrine
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司法审判注重法律理据和事实真相，然而，从早期社会“神”与“审”的汉字起源来看，其实，在真伪不明时接续人间审判出场的“神判”必然要假诸其人间代言人，还可能恰恰置真相于不顾，而寻求一种基于信仰基础的人格试炼。从“判决”和“宣判”的词源来看，对某个具体对象的裁判竟然基于感情油然而生，审判天然具有的道德评价功能，对被告人的道德评判反过来也给掌权的裁决者带来了道德风险。公正审判意图在理性与情感之间寻求平衡，消除恣意和任意，摆脱好意和随意而更注重寻求多方的合意共识。或许审判还是以真相作为根据，但是，真相恰恰来自于不同意见的冲突、交流，甚至真相已经脱离了事实而经由理性或者信仰的不同选择而制造出来。
Abstract
Justice may be based on legal reasons and the truth, however, we know, from the origin of Chinese characters of "gods"(神) and "review "(审) in the early society, in fact, when the authenticity of fact is unknown, God’s trial would be proceeded after man’s trial. Divine judgment would necessarily appear in human face, and also be likely to just pay no attention to the truth, but to seek a kind of the character test based on the belief. From the etymology of "judgement" and "sentence", we can infer judgement on a particular object is based on a kind of spontaneous feeling, trial naturally has the function of moral evaluation, so moral judgment to the defendants, in turn, brings moral hazards to the decider. A fair trial intents to seek a balance between rationality and emotion, and is more passionate to be in pursuit of the consensus by eliminating arbitrary and/or artificial decisions, decisions out of kindness and/or at will. Perhaps the trial is still based on the truth, but the truth is just the different opinions out of the conflict, communication, and even the truth is away from the facts and gets through the different choice on reason or by faith.
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