移住와 支配 : 개항이후 부산거주 일본인에 관한 연구(1876-1910)

Abstract

Since Japan forced the opening of the port a century ago, Busan and Incheon have served as gateways to Korea and have been considered as the archetypes of the colonial city built by the Japaneses. Unlike the colonial cities of the West, the archetype here refers to the cities in the colony constructed in the same manner with the Japanes cities as the Japaneses massively migrated to the colony. In this regard, Busan is the most appropriate model of the Japanese colonial city. Not to mention 36 years of the Japanese colonialism, Busan had been considerably influenced by Japan after its opening of the port. This paper analyses how Japanese migration to Busan was formed and what economic activities the Japaneses did in Busan. First, this paper includes the time-series analysis of the Japanese migration to Busan, the trade between Busan and Japan, and the occupation make-up of the Japaneses in Busan. The Japaneses’ migration to Korea was influenced not only by political and social factors but also by economic fluctuations and the development of transportations; the occupation make-up of the Japaenses in Busan had been rapidly diversified as the trade and the number of the migrants increased. Migrants to Busan included but were not limited to colonial officials, unskilled laborers, and prostitutes, and the city they comprised looked exactly like a Japanese city before Japan’s annexation of Korea. Busan has transformed into a commercial city with the trade merchants who gained their power based on the trade with Japan at the core, and brokers and grocery business at the periphery of the trade power. Urbanization was followed by the growth of commercial business and manufacturing industry targeted toward the Japaneses, thus increasing the number of techinicians and laborers in Busan. The specialization within the city led to the creation of diverse occupations it made Busan’s transition from an infant commercial city to commericial and industrial city possible.