唐 後期 官僚의 陞進과 幕職官 經歷

Abstract

The goal of this study is the effect of the career of the the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff(幕職官) on the problem of bureaucracy, on the advance of bureaucrats to the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff and further on the process of the bureaucratic promotion. From the latter period of the Tang(唐), accumulation of personnel affairs became serious and the earlier measures to this was to give the Waiting Period(待選期間) to bureaucrats under the grade of the sixth rank(6品). It was the numerically unbalanced gap between the number of candidates and that of the positions possible that prolonged the Waiting Period too much. Bureaucrats were dissatisfied with financially poor lives caused by the Waiting Period and with worsen chance of promotion. These issues during the Waiting Period functioned as an important factor that led the bureaucrats to become the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff. When the bureaucrat became the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff, he could handle the economic problems caused during the Waiting Period and prepare for the future based on the economic benefits gained by the position. As the the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff, they could easily build up their Career. Because of these advantages, since the Zhenyuan(貞元) 9th year of the Dezong(德宗), when the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff participated in the Winter proposed system and became officially recognized as a bureaucrat, the tendency for the bureaucrats to choose to be the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff became more remarkable. In addition, since with the enforcement of the Winter proposed system(冬薦), the Promotion rule of the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff had also been improved, the promotion of the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff had become more favorable than that of the bureaucrats because they required the shorter period for the Promotion. The career of the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff had not only been recognized as the government-licensed career and had been favorable for promotion, but it had also been easy for him to have personal acquaintances with prominent an influential people, if he was working as the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff in fanzhen(藩鎭). In the latter period of Tang, they were a lot of cases in which the person who had worked as a premier went to the fanzhen as the Military Governor, And the person who had worked as the Military Governor came into the central government and became a premier. The personal intimacy that was created by acting as the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff still lasted even after they became bureaucrats, which made their promotion easy. Therefore, those who worked as The Military Governor’s Civilian Staff in fanzhen were able to advance smoothly when they entered the bureaucracy and spend successful bureaucratic lives. The fact that their career as the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff was, thereafter, beneficial to the promotion of the bureaucrats could be well confirmed by statistical data based on biography and records of stone carving records. Through this, it can be seen that, after the Military Governor’s Civilian Staff were allowed to participate in the Winter proposed system, the Personal Recruitment of Subordinate Staff system(辟召) was organically linked to the bureaucracy or personnel process of Tang. The organic linkage of the bureaucratic operation and The Military Governor’s Civilian Staff opened the way for the Tang dynasty to engage in the local administration. Furthermore, the organic connection between the bureaucracy and the Personal Recruitment of Subordinate Staff made it possible for people to enter the bureaucracy without examining the past, thereby expanding the passage of bureaucratic entry and establishing the basis for the emergence of newly rising bureaucrat, which became a factor that led to social changes in the latter period of Tang.