唐 後期 藩鎭의 ‘無出身者’ 幕職官 辟召

Abstract

As an election was implemented in the period of Emperor Wen(文帝) of Sui(隋), Kai-huang(開皇)15(595), The Personal Recruitment of Subordnate Staff(Pi-chao, 辟召) which was formally abolished re-implemented accordingly in the way of recruiting officials in charge of the suppression of a rebellion or the military expedition. The Pi-chao became active due to the establishment of the Commissionships, and grew bigger in the process of suppressing the An-Shi(安史) Rebellion. Owing to the rebellion of An Lu-Shan(安綠山), as the Pi-chao was widely implemented to recruit local officials and the Personal Staff in the Military Governor藩鎭), the Emperor De-zong(德宗) of the Tang dynasty made the regulation and then tried to take part in the process of the Pi-chao. The Personal Staff(幕職官) regulation was related with the Policy of the Military Governor of the Tang dynasty, the rise of the regulation made it possible that the Personal Staff of the Military Governor, entered the world of bureaucracy. However, as the Pi-chao regulation for the Personal Staff was not obeyed in the Military Governor, the problem of Pi-chao caused by the Unqualified arose during the Hui-chang(會昌) period of Emperor Wu-zong(武宗) of the Tang dynasty. Due to fierce competition among the Military Governor, executive ability became important, dropouts of the imperial examination, an official clerk stocks, those who had executive abilities, and those who had financial influence of a region, became Pi-chao in the Military Governor and its administrative organization became complicated and diverse. During the Yuan-he(元和) of Emperor Xian-zong(憲宗) of the Tang dynasty, various The lower Personal Staff acted. As the The lower Personal Staff didn't obtain the sufficient qualification, they couldn't get the permission from the central government. That's why their positions were subalternity such as an official clerk. The lower Personal Staff played a wide range of subalternity roles such as documentation, conference on the army, a question on the politics, government construction work, handling natural disaster like food damage, commanding th army, and taking charge of accounting. Those who were assigned to the lower Personal Staff were like local gentry and couldn't get out of the designated regions. That's why they showed the strong regionality. As the Military Governor was transferred to other regions or moved to the central government, the Personal Staff occasionally accompanied the Military Governor, but the lower Personal Staff worked with the newly appointed the military governor and Pi-chao in their designated regions. The reason why the Personal Staff showed the strong regionality, it was very hard to abandon their socio-economic ground. Combining with the Military Governor, the lower Personal Staff evaded their duties, monopolized the local profits, and extended their influence continuously. The union of the lower Personal Staff and the Military Governor continued because their interest suited well each other. The Military Governor took advantage of the local gentry's influence and strengthened power for grasping the local regions, while the local gentry could preserve their own socio-economic status combing with the Military Governor as well as strengthened the influence for the local communities. Likewise, the development of the lower Personal Staff caused the Tang dynasty to lose the influence for the local region and made it hard for the dynasty to implement the local administration.