국어 被動詞, 使動詞 성조 변동의 변화
Tonal Alternation of Passives and Causatives in Korean
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There was a rule that changed the high tone of the monosyllabic verb stem into the low tone before the passive or causative suffixes in Middle Korean. For example, skʌl- H ‘lays’, skʌlɦi- LH ‘is laid’ and sum- H ‘hides oneself’, sumki- LH ‘hides’. When the passive or causative suffix -i- was incorporated into a low-pitched, stem-final syllable produced a rising tone; e.g., po- L ‘see’ + -i- H ‘causative suffix’ → poi- R ‘show’. This rule involves only monosyllabic verb stems in the 15th century. However, the conditions for the rule were spread to disyllabic verbs through the late 16th century. The 1587 Sohakeonhae (小學諺解) gives many examples of changed rules. Several dialects have systems of tone that preserve the Middle Korean distinctions morphophonemically. When Middle Korean passives and causatives are compared with their reflexes in the Hamkyeong and Kyeongsang, Kangneung dialects, the changed rules become readily apparent.
Abstract
There was a rule that changed the high tone of the monosyllabic verb stem into the low tone before the passive or causative suffixes in Middle Korean. For example, skʌl- H ‘lays’, skʌlɦi- LH ‘is laid’ and sum- H ‘hides oneself’, sumki- LH ‘hides’. When the passive or causative suffix -i- was incorporated into a low-pitched, stem-final syllable produced a rising tone; e.g., po- L ‘see’ + -i- H ‘causative suffix’ → poi- R ‘show’. This rule involves only monosyllabic verb stems in the 15th century. However, the conditions for the rule were spread to disyllabic verbs through the late 16th century. The 1587 Sohakeonhae (小學諺解) gives many examples of changed rules. Several dialects have systems of tone that preserve the Middle Korean distinctions morphophonemically. When Middle Korean passives and causatives are compared with their reflexes in the Hamkyeong and Kyeongsang, Kangneung dialects, the changed rules become readily apparent.
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