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학생 자살 사후개입 매뉴얼 개발을 위한 질적 연구

A Qualitative Study for Developing a Student Suicide Postvention Manual

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초록

본 연구는 학생 자살 발생 시 국내 중․고등학교에서 활용 가능한 사후개입 매뉴얼 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저, 관련 국내․외 연구 및 매뉴얼을 검토하였으며, 포커스 그룹 인터뷰(FGI)를 실행하여 중등 교직원 12명을 대상으로 현장 요구 사항과 기존 매뉴얼의 제한점을 파악하였다. 이를 토대로 33개의 사후개입 요소와 306개의 행동 지침을 도출하여 매뉴얼 초안을 작성하였다. 이후 델파이 방법을 통해 사후개입 예비 지침에 대한 필요성 및 적절성을 2회에 거쳐 평가하였다. 델파이 조사에 참여한 전문가 패널은 16명으로, 각자 제시된 예비 지침이 매뉴얼에 포함되어야 하는지 여부를 리커트 5점 척도로 평가하였다. 평정 결과 전문가들이 4점 이상으로 평가한 비율이 80% 이상인 항목을 최종 지침으로 채택하였다. 이를 통해 사건 직후부터 중장기까지 총 다섯 단계의 시기와 위기관리위원회 소집, 위기학생 파악과 지원, 인터넷과 소셜미디어 모니터링 등 33개의 요소 및 277개의 행동 지침으로 이루어진 사후개입 매뉴얼을 완성하였다. 본 연구는 체계적인 과정을 통해 매뉴얼을 개발함으로써 지침의 타당성을 확보하고자 하였고, 기존 매뉴얼에서 제한적이었던 소셜미디어 사용에 대한 대처와 교직원 지원 방안을 보완함으로써 보다 포괄적인 사후개입 활동을 구안했다는 데 의의가 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop a postvention manual for secondary schools in Korea in the event of a student suicide. Existing studies and manuals were reviewed to identify potential guidelines. A focus group interview was conducted with 12 school staff members to identify the schools' current needs. Consequently, a draft manual with 33 postvention factors and 306 behavioral guidelines was created. The Delphi method was used to evaluate the necessity and feasibility of the preliminary guidelines. The expert panel of 16 people evaluated whether the suggested guidelines should be included in the manual on a 5-point Likert scale. The statements deemed necessary by 80% of the experts were selected. Finally, a postvention manual with five phases, 33 elements, and 277 items was developed. This study attempted to ensure the validity of the guidelines by using a systematic process, and contributed to more comprehensive postvention activities by augmenting strategies to manage SNS use and to support school staff.

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