인공지능을 통한 행정의 고도화 : 기회와 도전
Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration : New Opportunities and Threats
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초록
인공지능기술이 폭발적으로 진화하고 있고 민간의 디지털 전환이 가속화되고 있는 가운데 상대적으로 인공지능을 기반으로 한 행정의 디지털 전환에 대한 논의는 부족한 실정이다. 그간 디지털전환에서 정부의 역할이 기초기술개발, 인재육성, 규제완화 등 민간을 지원하는 보조적 역할에 국한되어 왔지만, 다변화하는 공공수요, 새로운 형태의 난제(Grand Challenge) 및 산업간 융･복합 등을고려할 때 민간의 발전에 비례하는 정부행정의 적극적 역할과 그에 맞는 변혁이 필요하다. 본 연구는디지털 전환의 핵심 기반기술(Enabling Technology)인 인공지능기술과 이를 활용한 디지털 지능정부전환에 초점을 두고, 새로운 종류의 공공가치를 창출하여 서비스할 수 있는 인공지능 기반 행정의기회와 도전요인을 분석하였다. 인공지능기술의 기회로서 예측적 감사시스템, 복잡한 사회시스템에대한 이해, 수요-공급 미스매치 해소, 정책의사결정 고도화, 행정서비스의 온-오프라인 통합을 사례로살펴보았으며, ‘기술-자원-과정-산출’ 프로세스를 통합하는 실천적 얽힘(Entanglement in practice) 관점에서 다양한 도전요인을 살펴보았다. 인공지능기술이 제공하는 새로운 기술적 기회를 최대한 활용하고 부작용을 최소화하기 위해 인공지능 기반 지능형 정부에 대한 공진화적 연구가 필요하다.
Abstract
While artificial intelligence technology is evolving explosively and the private sector's digital transformation is accelerating, there is a lack of discussion about digital transformation in public administration, particularly the use of artificial intelligence (A.I.). The government's role in digital transformation has been limited to supporting the private sector, such as basic research and development, human resource development, and deregulation. However, considering diversifying public demands, the emergence of new grand challenges and wicked problems, and convergence between technologies and industries, active transformation of the government is imperative to cope with rapid changes in private sector. In this respect, this study focuses on the use of A.I. technology in public administration, which is a key enabling technology for digital transformation. Based on entanglement in practice perspective, we explores what opportunities and threats can be brought in intelligent government using A.I. Five illustrative cases – A.I. based audit system, unpacking complex social system, coping with mismatch in supply and demand, advancement in policy decision making process and meta-verse adminstration integrating on- and off line, are briefly explored. We suggest that wholistic approach is necessary to investigate entire digital transformation mechanism in A.I. based public administration.
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