중국어 감탄사의 유형과 특징 고찰 ―≪现代汉语词典≫ 중심으로―

Abstract

Interjections have not received much attention in research compared to other parts of speech. This study, motivated by this fact, conducted a preliminary investigation on interjections, and found that there are 63 monosyllabic and 6 disyllabic interjections in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (Seventh Edition). The morphological characteristics of interjections are mainly composed of ‘口’ as a radical, homophones, homophonic radicals, heterophonic radicals, and heterophonic homophones. Interjections can also be used in overlapping or repetitive forms. Additionally, interjections can be roughly classified into emotional interjections and volitional interjections based on their meanings, and the types can be divided into 11 major categories and 47 minor categories. The phonetic features of interjections are that they have syllables with irregular phonetic combinations, consonants have voiced qualities, and the type of vowel does not affect them but medium-low vowels are preferred. Tone patterns are primarily of the first tone, with emotional interjections often using the first and fourth tones. However, the second tone may be used when asking questions, and the third tone may be used when expressing negation and disbelief. Volitional interjections tend to use the first tone for calling and the fourth tone for responding or agreeing. While they are not the subject of this study, there are still many issues related to interjections that have not been researched, such as the study of each interjection in Old Chinese, early colloquial Chinese, written Chinese, dialects, etc. in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, the reasons why 𫪘 began to be included in interjections and the trend of Europeanization in literature, the relationship between Chinese interjections and world languages, the study of prototypes of interjections, the intonation of interjections, the relationship between pitch and intonation of interjections, and the interjections in Mandarin Chinese and Taiwanese. Based on the basic research on interjections, we look forward to more research in the future.