Evaluation and Future Prospect of U.S. Return to Work Policies for Social Security Beneficiaries
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In the United States(U.S.), since 1985 the Social Security Administration(SSA) Disability Insurance(DI) program has experienced significant growth in the number of people receiving disability benefits, such that by 2005, some 6.5 million disabled workers were drawing benefits. Since that time, except for a few years, the number of applications and new benefit awards has continued a constant, often significant growth, with awards tending to keep pace with new applications. As would be expected, this growth has resulted in spiraling expenditures, in large part because once on the benefit rolls, very few ever leave for any reason, but particularly not because of return to work. The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation of the United States public program efforts, particularly those of the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), to promote employment and return to work by Americans with disabilities. The authors focus on the various programmatic and policy changes aimed at encouraging work and reducing existing barriers to employment by persons with disabilities. The context within which Social Security Insurance program for persons with disabilities operates in the U.S. is described, as are SSA’s disability program and definition of disability, Social Security Disability Insurance(SSDI), Supplemental Security Income(SSI), and existing work incentives for each. Also presented are the new work incentives available through the more recent legislation entitled the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act, including expedited reinstatement of benefits, Medicaid Buy-in, and extended Medicare coverage. The article concludes with a description of some complementary government programs to further address these issues, and suggested approaches to research, practice applications, and key policy issues and implications.
Abstract
In the United States(U.S.), since 1985 the Social Security Administration(SSA) Disability Insurance(DI) program has experienced significant growth in the number of people receiving disability benefits, such that by 2005, some 6.5 million disabled workers were drawing benefits. Since that time, except for a few years, the number of applications and new benefit awards has continued a constant, often significant growth, with awards tending to keep pace with new applications. As would be expected, this growth has resulted in spiraling expenditures, in large part because once on the benefit rolls, very few ever leave for any reason, but particularly not because of return to work. The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation of the United States public program efforts, particularly those of the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), to promote employment and return to work by Americans with disabilities. The authors focus on the various programmatic and policy changes aimed at encouraging work and reducing existing barriers to employment by persons with disabilities. The context within which Social Security Insurance program for persons with disabilities operates in the U.S. is described, as are SSA’s disability program and definition of disability, Social Security Disability Insurance(SSDI), Supplemental Security Income(SSI), and existing work incentives for each. Also presented are the new work incentives available through the more recent legislation entitled the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act, including expedited reinstatement of benefits, Medicaid Buy-in, and extended Medicare coverage. The article concludes with a description of some complementary government programs to further address these issues, and suggested approaches to research, practice applications, and key policy issues and implications.
참고문헌 (28)
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