Blueprint for India’s Global Energy Transition: Through the Lens of Project Tiger
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The global energy transition, a cornerstone of international climate goals, demands not only technological innovation but robust legal frameworks to balance environmental conservation and developmental imperatives. This paper explores India’s commitment to reducing carbon footprints in its shift towards renewable energy sources and the protection of ecosystems that play a crucial role in carbon sequestration. India’s energy transition story is incomplete without its forest conservation efforts, particularly through the lens of Project Tiger, established in 1973, and the legal frameworks that have supported it. Key legislative measures like the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, emphasize the importance of preserving forests as carbon sinks while safeguarding biodiversity. At the heart of this effort is the involvement of indigenous communities, whose traditional knowledge and sustainable practices have long contributed to ecosystem health. However, the intersection of energy transition policies with conservation goals presents challenges, especially as forest-dwelling communities face displacement due to the creation of protected areas. By comparing India’s experience with that of South Korea, which is also grappling with balancing industrialization and environmental sustainability, the paper identifies lessons and best practices. South Korea can draw on India’s approach to promote a holistic energy transition that incorporates both carbon reduction and the preservation of forest ecosystems, ensuring the inclusion of indigenous communities in shaping the future of conservation and energy policies.
Abstract
The global energy transition, a cornerstone of international climate goals, demands not only technological innovation but robust legal frameworks to balance environmental conservation and developmental imperatives. This paper explores India’s commitment to reducing carbon footprints in its shift towards renewable energy sources and the protection of ecosystems that play a crucial role in carbon sequestration. India’s energy transition story is incomplete without its forest conservation efforts, particularly through the lens of Project Tiger, established in 1973, and the legal frameworks that have supported it. Key legislative measures like the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, emphasize the importance of preserving forests as carbon sinks while safeguarding biodiversity. At the heart of this effort is the involvement of indigenous communities, whose traditional knowledge and sustainable practices have long contributed to ecosystem health. However, the intersection of energy transition policies with conservation goals presents challenges, especially as forest-dwelling communities face displacement due to the creation of protected areas. By comparing India’s experience with that of South Korea, which is also grappling with balancing industrialization and environmental sustainability, the paper identifies lessons and best practices. South Korea can draw on India’s approach to promote a holistic energy transition that incorporates both carbon reduction and the preservation of forest ecosystems, ensuring the inclusion of indigenous communities in shaping the future of conservation and energy policies.