외국 난민·이주자 이해교육의 실태와 우리나라 적용방안 - 청소년 대상을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study was conducted to heighten social interest of the public including adolescents in refugees and migrants who have continuously come into the Korean society in an era when to migrate has become generalized and to deduce practical implications of multicultural education of Korea through foreign cases. For the purpose, efforts were made to understand the concept and current situations of refugees and migrants, protection for refugees under the international law, policies & activities of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement(IRCRCM) for supporting refugees and migrants and the education condition for adolescents mainly conducted by Red Cross Societies in Europe. Important contents can be summarized as following. First, as time passes by, the range of international protection for refugees and migrants has been extended. In consequence, the scope of the concept of refugees also has been extended. In the past, 'refugees under the law' who needed protection because they possibly could be persecuted after returning to their countries could be called refugees in a narrow sense. Now, the concept has been extended to refugees in a wide sense including a large number of refugees escaping from their original settlements because of war, poverty and disaster. Those can be called 'daily refugees.' Second, under the international law, refugees are protected by the international human rights law in general and by the international humanitarian law in the armed conflicts. Regarding international protective rules for refugees, their objects and scope have been extended as well. In addition, policies of the IRCRCM for refugees and migrants just focused on their vulnerability are aimed at improving and reducing it. Recognizing that their governments should take the primary responsibility for supporting and protecting refugees and migrants, those policies were prepared to let the governments take the primary responsibility, to emphasize application of domestic and international legal frame to protect migrants and to establish a cooperative networks with governments and professional private sectors. Third, educational programs provided by Red Cross Societies in Europe for youths to understand refugees and migrants are mostly about improving recognition, such as racial discrimination, xenophobia and stigmas. Important features of those programs are sustainable 'development' giving positive images that talents and abilities of refugees and migrants make contributions to the society and 'interculturalism' centered on human communication based on human dignity. Such results are especially important in order to understand the extending concept of refugees and rapidly increasing migrants, to recognize the needs of protection for those people and social integration as a common problem of the global village and to effectively apply related domestic and international legal systems and use the cooperative networking system with the government and professional private organizations for supporting and protecting refugees and migrants. This study suggests the necessity to examine educational programs for adolescents to understand refugees and migrants as new multicultural policies and educational contents about programs for improving understanding using 'development' and 'interculturalism.'