율곡의 천도 조화와 도체 해석 - 유도회통(儒道會通)을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper reviews the perception about Tiandao(天道) Zaohua(造化) and Daoti(道體) in Yulogok's 『Suneon(醇言)』 referenced in Huitong(會通) of Confucianism[儒] and Taoism[道]. Tiandao Zaohua describes the formation of heaven and all things in the universe. Daoti is the metaphysical noumenon which forms the basis of its operation and the change. This paper compared the interpretation of Suneon, the writings of Yulgok and 『Zhouyi(周易)』 interpreted by Taoist scholars and consequently reviewed the characteristics and significance of Yulgok’s perception. Yulgok firstly maintained that Dao in the 『Daodejīng(道德經)』 is Tiandao Zaohua and wuwei(無爲) is Daoti. Yulgok quoted that ‘dao is Taiji of 『Zhouyi』 Dao in the Daodejīng and Taiji of 『Zhouyi』 is cohesive. Furthermore, Yulgok held that Dao is Tiandao. It was stated that Dao of 『Daodejīng』, has the virtue of nurturing all things and the virtue of Dao and are most precious value ​​and naturalistic. Secondly, Yulgok specified liqimiaoyong in 「Yishuce(易數策)」, and elucidated the formation of all things was the evidence and beginning of wuji(無極). Yulgok acknowledged that the noumenon of taiji(太極) is Yi(易) and the transformation of the universe and the objects is Li(理) and dao(道). In 「Tiandaoce(天道策)」, Tiandao is Li, and the universe’s ten thousand changes(萬化) and all things(萬象) are the actions of Qi(氣). It was established in a way that humans correspond to heavenly people. In 「Dachenghaoyuan」, Li is wuwei(無爲) and Qi is youwei(有爲). Li without shape and nothingness(無爲性) were explained by associating with 「Xicichuan(繫辭傳)」. Thirdly, Hankangbo who commented on 『Zhouyi』 as Daojiasixiang's Xuanxue, understood Yiyinyiyang's dao(道)=taiji(太極)=nothing(無)'. KongYingda of Tang Dynasty is considered as taiji=original qi(元氣), taiji=dao=nothing=one(一)=xuwu(虛無). Moreover, KongYingda said that Yiyinyiyang is wuyinwuyang. In other words, from the viewpoint of theory of nothing, the concept of Taoism and Confucianism were annotated as combination(混融). In conclusion, Yulgok who was intended to Huitong of Taoism and Confucianism recognized dao=taiji=tiandao and wuwei=noumenon=Li in Tiandao Zaohua and Daoti. Consequently, the Tiandao Zaohua in the formation of all things is dao and its action becomes Li, which occurs with wuwei. This view of Yulgok follows the view of ZhuXi, which embraces dao is taiji(道卽太極) of Hankangbo and the wujiertaiji(無極而太極) of Zhou Dunyi. It can be seen that Yulgok's interpretation of Tiandao Zaohua and Daoti includes the perspective of Iyuseokno(以儒釋老) and pedantic point of view of Inoseokyu(以老釋儒).