율곡의 「천도책」에 담긴 천문 기상에 관한 인식과 재이관 고찰

Abstract

In this paper, I explained Yulgok(栗谷) Yi I(李珥, 1536~1584)’s the perception and the View of Disaster on Astronomy and Meterology, focusing on his 「Policy strategy(天道策)」. Yulgok explored astronomical and meteorological ‘phenomena as investigation and research of things’, the epistemology of Neo-Confucianism, and discussed various celestial phenomena based on Li Qi, Yin and Yang, the five elementary substance, and historical knowledge. Furthermore, he explained the principle of natural objects and the Qi(氣) of the all manifestations of nature, and revealed the source and behind the phenomena of the material world. The main contents of the 「Policy strategy」 on Astronomy and Meterology and Catastrophic are as follows. First, the origin of natural law is Li(理), and the difference between all manifestations of nature is the action of Qi. Li has the Constancy of upright Qi and the Variability of obedient Qi, upright Qi and obedient Qi appear according to the interaction of between the Natural law and ‘human affairs’. Second, among the thin etchings, the solar eclipse is the Disaster, and the lunar eclipse is not the Disaster. The sun is Yang essence(陽精) and the moon is Yin essence(陰精), and their operating speeds are different. An auspicious star and unauspicious stars appear according to the situation of monarch‘s reign such as the times of peace and prosperity and turbulent age. The Man is the heart of the Natural law. When the Essence of all things on earth dies, it does not become a star in the sky. This is because there is no space and location in Qi’s Gather and Disperse. Third, the wind is not bound by direction. The five-colored clouds represent the different disaster. Fog is with a lack of Yin Qi, it represents war and catastrophe. Thunder and lightning are made by hitting the atmosphere without being able to come out. Cirrus spissatus without rain is caused by the inability of the top and bottom to date. The difference in the number of vegetation and snowflake leaves is all nature. The hail harms things when Yin Qi threatens Yang Qi. Fourth, in Chinese history, the Disaster had a lot to do with the monarch's reign. In response, Yulgok discussed historical examples of the age of China's the era of Yu Shun(虞舜), Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, Chun qiu, Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, and King Wu, Duke of Zhou, Confucius, Wang Mang, Wu Zetian, as well as historical figures of the relocation of astronomical weather. He also emphasized that the political responsibility of the monarch and the practice of Accumulate wealth, Accumulate virtue, and Wangdao Politics are the basis of Nature's nurture of all things on earth. In sum, 「Policy strategy」 is a countermeasure that expresses astronomical and meteorological phenomena as the natural law and discusses the principles of Qi and Li of the all manifestations of nature as the natural phenomenon. Chinese scholars as well as Joseon scholars in the 16th century affirmed Yulgok's astronomy and meteorological and the View of Disaster. There is no need to compare and understand Yulgok's philosophical the View of Disaster and natural science from the same perspective as the theory of modern natural science. In particular, Yulgok explained the theory of the theory of studying the nature of things in Neo-Confucianism with the name of 「Policy strategy」 at the civil service examinations. It can be said that this has great academic significance in that it includes the core contents of Yulgok's political ideology.